Kaldvik Valuation Multiples

BASF is one of the world’s leading chemical companies. It's headquartered in Germany near the Rhine River, which helps with logistics-related savings. Founded in 1865, it produces a vast array of chemicals, plastics, resins, and agricultural solutions. While the company serves multiple industries, it most prominently serves the automotive, agricultural, construction, and pharmaceutical industries. BASF is a first mover in the energy transition and aims to rapidly expand its recycled and bio-based product portfolio.

Corteva is an agricultural inputs pure play that was formed in 2019 when it was spun off from DowDuPont. The company is a leader in the development of new seed and crop protection products. Seeds generate the majority of profits with the remainder coming from crop protection products. Corteva plans to spin off its seeds business in late 2026 and will become a pure-play crop protection company following the divestiture. Corteva operates globally, but around half of revenue comes from North America.

Archer-Daniels-Midland is a major processor of oilseeds, corn, wheat, and other agricultural commodities. The company is also one of the largest grain merchandisers through its extensive network of logistical assets to store and transport crops around the globe. ADM also runs a nutrition business that focuses on both human and animal ingredients and is a large producer of corn-based sweeteners, starches, and ethanol.

Created in 2018 as a result of the merger between PotashCorp and Agrium, Nutrien is the world’s largest fertilizer producer by capacity. Nutrien produces the three main crop nutrients—nitrogen, potash, and phosphate—although its main focus is potash, where it is the global leader in installed capacity with a roughly 20% market share. The company is also the largest agricultural retailer in North America and Australia, selling fertilizers, crop chemicals, seeds, and services directly to farm customers through its brick-and-mortar stores and online platforms.

Novonesis was formed in 2024 through the merger of Novozymes and Chr. Hansen. Following the merger, the company became the world leader in industrial enzymes and microbial solutions, with a nearly 50% market share in both. The firm supplies a wide range of industry groups: household care, food and beverages, bioenergy, agriculture and feed, technical and pharmaceuticals. Its biological solutions create value for its customers by improving yield efficiency and performance, while saving energy and generating less waste. The company is headquartered in Denmark, employs around 10,000 people, and works across more than 30 research and development and application centers and 23 manufacturing sites.

Bunge Global SA is an agribusiness solutions company, connecting farmers to consumers and delivering essential food, feed and fuel to the globe. The company segments include Soybean Processing and Refining; Softseed Processing and Refining; Other Oilseeds Processing and Refining; Grain Merchandising and Milling; and Corporate and Other. It generates maximum revenue from the Soybean Processing and Refining segment, which includes integrated business principally involved in the purchase, storage, transportation, processing, distribution, refining, marketing, and sale of soybeans and soybean related products, as well as biodiesel and fertilizer production and distribution. Geographically, the company operates in United States, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Rest of the World.

Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Co Ltd operates in the dry inland Qarhan Salt Lake in Qinghai province. It is engaged in salt lake resource extraction and potash production. The company is engaged in the manufacture of chemical raw materials and chemical products. The company's main products include potassium chloride and lithium carbonate.

Industries Qatar QSC, along with its subsidiaries, operates in the following reportable segments: Petrochemicals, Fertilisers, and Steel. Maximum revenue is generated from the Fertilisers segment, which produces and sells urea, ammonia, and other by-products. The Petrochemicals segment produces and sells ethylene, polyethylene, MTBE, methanol, and other petrochemical products; and the Steel segment produces and sells steel pellets, bars, billets, and others.

CF Industries is a leading producer and distributor of nitrogen, which is primarily used in fertilizers. The company operates nitrogen manufacturing plants primarily in North America. CF also produces nitrogen in the United Kingdom and holds a joint venture interest in a nitrogen production facility in Trinidad and Tobago. CF makes nitrogen primarily using low-cost US natural gas as its feedstock, making the company one of the lowest-cost nitrogen producers globally. It is also investing in carbon-free blue and green ammonia, which can be used as an alternative fuel to hydrogen or as a means to transport hydrogen.

SABIC Agri-Nutrient Co is engaged in the production, conversion, manufacturing, and trade of agri-nutrients and chemical products. Also, the Company is engaged in the marketing of agri-nutrient products of all types inside and outside KSA. The Group is organised into two segments; The Agri-Nutrients and The Petrochemicals. The majority of revenue is derived from the Agri-Nutrients segment.

Wilmar International Ltd is a processor of palm and lauric oils and a producer of consumer pack edible oils. Its operating segment includes Food Products; Feed and Industrial Products; Plantation and Sugar Milling, Associates and Joint Ventures and others. The company generates maximum revenue from the Feed and Industrial Products segment. Its Feed and Industrial Products segment comprises the processing, merchandising, and distribution of products, which includes animal feeds, non-edible palm and lauric products, agricultural commodities, oleochemicals, gas oil, and biodiesel. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from the People's Republic of China.

Yara International ASA is a Crop nutrition company, and developing low-emission energy solutions. The company converts natural gas into nitrogen products. It is engaged in the production of ammonia, mineral fertilizers, and industrial products. The firm also develops and markets environmental solutions and essential products for industrial applications. It markets and distributes a complete range of crop nutrition products and programs globally. Its operating segments are Europe, Americas, Africa & Asia, Global Plants & Operational Excellence, Clean Ammonia, and Industrial Solutions.

Wens Foodstuff Group Co Ltd operates as a livestock and poultry farming company in China. The company offers fresh meat products and processed products, including chicken, pig, duck, milk, egg, cooked chicken, deep-sea fish, sheep, pigeons, and other products. It also provides raw milk and finished milk, such as pasteurized milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk-containing beverages, and other various categories of products.

Mowi ASA is a Norway-based producer of farmed salmon, distributing salmon and other processed seafood globally. The company focuses on producing high-quality fish by producing its fish eggs and nurturing the fish in the early stages of their life. It operates in three business segments: Feed, Farming, and Sales & Marketing. Fish feed production comprises its two feed plants in Norway and Scotland. Farming includes a single operating segment composed of farming operations in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland, and Sales and Marketing is composed of two operating segments: Markets and Consumer Products. A majority of the company's revenue is generated from the Sales and Marketing business. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from Europe.

Tongwei is the world's largest polysilicon producer and a leading solar cell and module supplier. The solar business contributed more than 60% of revenue in 2024. In addition, Tongwei runs a feed and food business, which made up 35% of revenue in 2024.

SalMar ASA produces and sells farmed salmon internationally. It operates hatcheries and controls the farming at all stages until the fish are ready to be harvested, processed, and packaged into various products. Products are developed with new mixes and packing methods to make them more convenient for customers. The salmon are sold through an in-house salesforce and close partners of the company. Proximity to customers and tracking the use of resources play a factor in delivering the raw material.

Mosaic is one of the largest phosphate and potash producers in the world. The company's assets include phosphate rock mines in the US and potash mines in Canada. Mosaic also runs a large fertilizer distribution operation in Brazil through its Mosaic Fertilizantes business.

Fertiglobe PLC is engaged in the production of urea, ammonia, and other gas-based fertilizers for export and distribution. The company's portfolio of products comprises ammonia, urea for agricultural and industrial customers, and DEF, which is also known as AdBlue in Europe and marketed as AdGreen by FERTIL, for industrial customers. The company operates in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Middle East, Asia and Oceania. Majority of revenue is from Europe.

UPL Ltd is principally engaged in the business of manufacturing and sale of crop protection products. The firm's crop protection portfolio includes fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, and specialty crop chemicals. The firm's seed products consist of nutri-feeds, seeds, and seed treatment products. UPL competes on price with the manufacture and sale of generic products. The company generates its revenue globally, with sales in various countries, and derives a majority share of its revenue from its business outside India. The firm sells its products through a distribution network in each region.

PI Industries Ltd manufactures, distributes, and sells agrochemicals, specialty fertilizers, and seeds to the agriculture industry. The firm's agrochemicals portfolio includes insecticides, fungicides, and plant health products. The company competes on price with the manufacture and sale of generic products. PI Industries reports sales across two geographical segments: within India and outside India. The outside India division represents its business division predominantly in Japan, Germany, and China. In India, the firm sells its products through a large network of distributors and retail outlets. The company has one reportable business segment which is Agro Chemicals.

Olam Group Ltd is a food and agri-business supplying customers with food ingredients, feed, and fibre. The company and its subsidiaries operate in the following business segments: Olam Food Ingredients, Olam Global Agri, and the Remaining Olam Group. It generates maximum revenue from the Olam Global Agri segment, which is engaged in the origination, processing, trading, logistics, and distribution of grains, animal feed and protein, edible oil, rice, cotton, rubber, and wood products. It also provides commodity financial services. Geographically, the company derives majority of its revenue from Asia, the Middle East, and Australia, and the rest from Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest purveyor of home lawn and gardening products in the US. The company sells a broad range of lawncare products, including grass seed, fertilizer, and lawn-related weed, animal, and disease control. US consumer typically generates the vast majority of companywide revenue and profits. Its lawncare and gardening products are well-recognized brands in the US, including Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Roundup, Ortho, and Tomcat.

K+S AG produces two products: fertilizer and salt. The company engaged in business with potash and magnesium products from plants in Germany and Canadian sites in Bethune, as well as the European salt activities. It also includes the waste disposal and recycling business in Germany. extraction and processing of raw materials.

Bakkafrost P/F is a salmon producer based in the Faroe Islands. The company's activities include farming, harvesting, packaging, processing, and sales. The salmon products consist of whole salmon, frozen salmon portions, salmon heads, backbones, belly flaps, and salmon skin. Bakkafrost divides its operations into segments namely, Fishmeal, oil and feed segment, Freshwater FO segment, Farming FO segment, Freshwater SCT segment, Farming SCT segment, services, sales, and others. Geographically, the company derives maximum revenue from Western Europe.

Golden Agri-Resources Ltd is an integrated palm oil plantation company. It operates through two segments namely Plantations and palm oil mills, and Palm, laurics, and others. The plantation and palm oil mills segment comprises the products from the upstream business. The Palm, laurics and others comprise the processing and merchandising of palm and oilseed-based products i.e. bulk, branded, oleo-chemicals and other vegetable oils. The majority of the revenue is generated from the Palm, laurics and other segments. Geographically, the company operates in China, Indonesia, India, Rest of Asia, Europe and Others.

KWS SAAT SE & Co KGaA breeds and distributes agriculture seeds internationally. The segments of the company focus on sugarbeet, corn, cereals, vegetables, and corporates. The company works on breeding new varieties and seed multiplication to produce the results for farmers. Plants and seeds are monitored at different stages of the lifecycle to ensure high quality. Products, processes, and consulting are marketed to farmers as certain expertise is needed in different regions of the world. The company generates key revenue from Sugarbeet and Corn.

Andersons Inc is an agriculture and renewable fuels company. Its operations are classified into two reportable business segments: Agribusiness, which generates maximum revenue, and Renewables. The Agribusiness segment includes merchandising and managing logistics across various commodities, as well as being a manufacturer, distributor, and retailer of agricultural and related plant nutrients. The segment specializes in the movement of physical commodities such as whole grains, grain products, feed ingredients, and domestic fuel products, among other agricultural commodities. The Renewables segment mainly produces, purchases, and sells ethanol and co-products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States, followed by Canada, Mexico, and other markets.

Braiin Ltd is an Australian technology company leveraging proprietary intellectual property and patented artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) technologies to deliver actionable insights across the verticals: Agriculture, Property Technology, and Customer Experience as a Service (CXaaS). The company's platforms are designed to address inefficiencies and drive data-backed decision-making across traditionally analog sectors. It prominently focuses on the agriculture technology sector, where it has successfully deployed its AI-powered solutions across multiple implementations. It provides end-to-end solutions to improve farming productivity using IoTs, Wireless Connectivity, Robotics, Software and AI/ML.

Genus PLC is an animal genetics company focused on improving cattle and pig populations to support sustainable food production. The company operates through two main business units: one providing bovine genetics mainly for dairy and beef cattle, and the other offering porcine genetics for pork production. Genus develops genetically superior breeding animals using scientific techniques. It generates revenue by selling genetics, including semen and embryos, as well as through related services under multi-year royalty agreements. The principal activities of each segment are: (a) Genus PIC porcine sales business, (b) Genus ABS: bovine sales business, and (c) Genus Research and Development: spending on research and development.

Presco PLC is engaged in the cultivation of oil palms and the extraction, refining and fractioning of crude palm oil into vegetable oil and palm stearin. It produces specialty fats and oils. The company's products include Special Palm Oil, Refined, Bleached and Deodorised Palm Oil, palm olein, palm stearin, palm fatty acid distillate, palm kernel oil (crude and refined), and palm kernel cake. It generates revenue from the sales of crude and refined products , Sales of Fresh Fruit Bunches, and Mill by-products. Geographically the group has a business presence in Nigeria and Ghana, of which key revenue is derived from operations within Nigeria.

COSUMAR SA is a Moroccan company specializing in sugar extraction, refining, and sugar packaging. The company's product portfolio includes sugar loaves, the lump, granulated sugar, ingots, pellets, bagasse, and molasses.

Austevoll Seafood ASA is a fishery and seafood company that owns and operates fishing vessels, fishmeal plants, canning plants, freezing plants, salmon farming, and marketing and sales. The company mainly operates in Norway, the U.K., Peru, Chile, and North Atlantic region. AUSS's activities are segmented as Leroy Seafood Group ASA (Europe), Austral Group S.A.A (Peru), Foodcorp Chile S.A (Chile), Br. Birkeland AS (Norway), Br. Birkeland Farming AS (Norway) and the joint venture Pelagia Holding AS (Europe). Among the segments, Leroy Seafood Group ASA (Europe) generates the majority of the group's income.

Adecoagro SA is a Luxembourg-based agricultural company. It is involved in a wide range of businesses, including farming crops and other agricultural products, dairy operations sugar, ethanol, energy production, and land transformation. The group operates in two lines of business, namely, Farming and Sugar, Ethanol and Energy. The Farming is further comprised of three reportable segments: Crops, Rice and Dairy. Sugar, Ethanol and Energy Segment, consists of cultivating sugarcane, which is processed in owned sugar mills, transformed into ethanol, sugar and electricity, in addition to biomethane and then marketed.

Premier Group Ltd is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of staple milling and baking products, confectionery and home and personal care (HPC) products. The company is organized into two segments Millbake and Groceries and International. It derives maximum revenue from Millbake segment.

UIE PLC is a holding company which invests in the agro-industrial sector. The company through its subsidiaries is involved in the business of cultivation and processing of palm oil and coconuts in Malaysia and Indonesia as well as focuses on long-term industrial development. The company has two reportable segments such as UIE and UP. UIE is a holding company which invests in the agro-industrial sector as well as industrial and technology businesses. UP segment includes a company incorporated in Malaysia, and its shares are publicly traded on Bursa Malaysia. Its primary business activity is the cultivation of oil palms and coconuts and the processing of palm oil in Malaysia and Indonesia. Company also has sales in USA, Europe and Other Countries.

FMC is a pure-play global crop protection company with a fairly balanced product portfolio across geographies and crop exposure. Through acquisitions, FMC is now one of the five largest patented crop protection companies and focuses on the development of new products, including biologicals, through its research and development pipeline.

Tres Tentos Agroindustrial SA is an agricultural company that offers vertically oriented and integrated solutions to farmers and a wide range of retail products in the agricultural input, grain, and industrial segments. The company also offers farmers' training, consulting, and technical services. the reporting segments of the Company are; Agricultural inputs include the marketing of fertilizers, plant-protection products, foliar fertilizers, and soybean, corn, and wheat seeds, Grains include operations involving the physical receipt, standardization, and trading of grain acquired from third parties, and Industrial include operations involving the processing of soybean to produce meal and biodiesel.

B.F. SpA is an agricultural company engaged in activities such as the purchase of farmland and swamps for the cultivation and commercialization of agricultural products, including soya, sunflower, maize, and rice.

Tessenderlo Group NV is a diversified international agricultural and industrial company. The firm produces and sells products across five segments: Agro, Industrial Solutions, Bio-Valorization, T-Power, and Machines & Technologies. The majority of its revenue comes from the Agro segment, which produces and sells liquid crop fertilizers, potassium sulfate, and crop protection products to the agriculture industry. Its geographical segments include Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and the Rest of the world.

SLC Agricola SA is an agricultural company. Its core business activities include the production and sale of seeds and saplings; the processing and trading of its products, the supply of primary agricultural goods and products; the rendering of inbound logistics, cleaning, drying and storage services as well as rendering services of agricultural machinery and equipment to third parties; the trading, import and export of agricultural products; and processing of sugarcane, ethanol and its byproducts. It operates through two business segments viz. The agricultural production segment comprises the cultivation of cotton, soybean and corn and the Land portfolio segment includes the acquisition and development of land for agriculture. Its products are cotton, corn, soybean, and other.

National Agriculture Development Co is engaged in agricultural and livestock production, reclamation of agricultural land, food processing, marketing, and distribution of its products. The company operates in three main business segments: Dairy and Foods, Agriculture, and Protein. It generates maximum revenue from the Dairy and Food segment. Its products include dairy, milk, cheese, juices, desserts and other related food. Geographically, it derives the vast majority of its revenue from Saudi Arabia.

Societe Frigorifique et Brasserie de Tunis is a Tunisian group in the agri-food industry sector focused on the production and marketing of beverages.

CVR Partners LP is a manufacturer and supplier of nitrogen fertilizer products. Its principal products include Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) and ammonia. The company market ammonia products to industrial and agricultural customers and UAN products to agricultural customers. The primary geographic markets for its fertilizer products are Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Colorado, and Texas. The company's product sales are heavily weighted toward UAN.

NPK International Inc is a temporary worksite access solutions company that manufactures, sells, and rents recyclable composite matting products, along with a full suite of services, including planning, logistics, and site restoration. The company generates majority of revenue from the rental of recyclable composite matting systems, along with related site construction and services to customers in various markets including power transmission, oil and natural gas exploration and production, pipeline, renewable energy, petrochemical, construction and other industries within the United States and United Kingdom.

The Okomu Oil Palm Co PLC engages in the cultivation of oil palm and rubber in Nigeria. The company has three reportable segments; the Palm Plantation segment, which produces fresh fruit bunches, crude palm oil, and crude palm kernel; the Rubber Plantation segment, which produces latex and rubber cake; and the Palm and rubber Processing segment, which renders palm and rubber processing from the company's mill processing equipment. The company processes fresh fruit bunches into crude palm oil for resale, and rubber lumps to rubber cake for export. The company generates maximum revenue from Palm oil products and Rubber products.

Betagro PCL is an integrated agro-industrial and food company. The company's segment includes Agro Business, Consumer Food Business, and Pet Business. The company generates maximum revenue from the Consumer Food Business segment. Geographically, the majority of revenue is from Thailand.

Zad Holding Co is engaged in the import of wheat, the production of different kinds of flour, manufacturing, and marketing of pasta and bakery products. The company earns income from sales of certain types of grain and related commodities. The company is also engaged in the activities of contracting for building, investing, establishing and managing industrial projects, activities in real estate, selling and renting heavy equipment, manufacturing and supplying ready-mix concrete and asphalt, crushing services, providing transport services, and investment in financial instruments. The segments of the company are Investment & managed services, Trading, manufacturing, distribution & services, Contracting, real estate & others.