Hepsiburada Valuation Multiples

Amazon is an American technology and retail company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with a second headquarters in Arlington County, Virginia. It runs the amazon.com online store and marketplace for third-party sellers, the Amazon Prime subscription programme, which had 200 million subscribers worldwide in 2021, and Amazon Web Services, the cloud computing unit launched in 2002 that rents data storage and computing power to companies. It also sells Echo, Kindle and Fire devices, distributes video, music and audiobooks through Prime Video, MGM+, Amazon Music, Twitch and Audible, and owns the Whole Foods Market grocery chain, Ring, IMDb and the self-driving car developer Zoox. Amazon earns revenue from product sales, seller commissions and fulfilment fees, subscriptions, cloud services and advertising. It reported revenue of US$716.9 billion and net income of US$77.7 billion in 2025 with about 1,576,000 employees, making it the world's largest company by revenue as of 2026 and the second-largest private employer in the United States. Jeff Bezos founded the company as Cadabra on July 5, 1994, in Bellevue, Washington, as an online bookstore and renamed it Amazon that November. Bezos, who owns about 8.8% of the shares, became executive chairman in July 2021, when former AWS chief Andy Jassy became chief executive.

Tencent is the world's largest game publisher, with top-grossing mobile hits like Honor of Kings and Peacekeeper Elite and a steady pipeline of new titles. It also operates WeChat-China's super-app with roughly 1.3 billion users-embedded in daily life for messaging, short video, mini programs, payments, and shopping. Beyond its own platforms, Tencent is a prolific strategic investor, holding stakes in leading internet companies such as PDD, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu.

Alibaba Group is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, founded on 28 June 1999 by Jack Ma and 17 friends and students as the business-to-business marketplace Alibaba.com. It operates China's largest consumer marketplaces, Taobao (consumer-to-consumer) and Tmall (business-to-consumer), the global B2B site Alibaba.com and domestic wholesale platform 1688, alongside international e-commerce, Alibaba Cloud, the Cainiao logistics network, local consumer services and digital media and entertainment businesses, reorganised in 2023 into six business groups. It earns revenue mainly from merchant advertising and commissions on its marketplaces, plus cloud computing, logistics and direct sales. Early backers included Goldman Sachs, SoftBank and Investor AB, which invested $25 million in October 1999. Its September 2014 New York Stock Exchange IPO raised $25 billion, then the largest in history, giving it a market value of $231 billion, and in January 2018 it became the second Asian company to pass a $500 billion valuation. Joseph Tsai became chairman and Eddie Wu chief executive in 2023.

PDD Holdings operates commerce businesses in over 80 countries globally. Its main operations are Pinduoduo, a social commerce platform in China, and Temu, a global e-commerce marketplace. PDD also has a community group purchase business in China. PDD has built a network of sourcing, logistics, and fulfillment capabilities that support its underlying businesses.

Mercado Libre is a Buenos Aires technology company founded in 1999 and listed on Nasdaq. It operates online marketplaces, digital payments, consumer and merchant credit, advertising and logistics services across Latin America. The Mercado Pago platform processes online and in-store payments and also distributes savings, lending and insurance products in several markets. Mercado Envios coordinates fulfillment and last-mile delivery for marketplace merchants. Revenue comes from transaction commissions, payment-processing charges, advertising, logistics services and interest income. The group acquired Alice Biometrics to own identity-verification technology used in digital onboarding and fraud controls. Its 2024 impact reporting includes Alice Biometrics as a Spanish group entity, and the Spanish commercial registry later recorded MercadoLibre, Inc. as Alice's sole shareholder.

Carvana Co is an e-commerce platform for buying and selling used cars. The company derives revenue from used vehicle sales, wholesale vehicle sales and other sales and revenues. The other sales and revenues include sales of loans originated and sold in securitization transactions or to financing partners, commissions received on VSCs and sales of GAP waiver coverage. The foundation of the business is retail vehicle unit sales. This drives the majority of the revenue and allows the company to capture additional revenue streams associated with financing, VSCs, auto insurance and GAP waiver coverage, as well as trade-in vehicles.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid C2C and B2C marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue generating game. Sea’s third business, SeaMoney, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services.As of March 31, 2025, Forrest Xiaodong Li, the founder, chairman and CEO, owned 59.1% of voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

JD.com is the third-largest Chinese e-commerce platform by gross merchandise volume in 2024. it offers a wide selection of authentic products with speedy and reliable delivery. The company has built its own nationwide fulfilment infrastructure and last-mile delivery network, staffed by its own employees, which supports both its online direct sales, its online marketplace and omnichannel businesses.

Coupang is South Korea’s largest e-commerce platform that sells both owned and third-party inventory. Headquartered in the US, Coupang operates e-commerce businesses mainly in South Korea and Taiwan. The company has built an integrated logistics network that covers the entirety of South Korea, with extensive fulfillment centers that ensure timely delivery, even for orders placed seconds before midnight. Outside of its bread-and-butter e-commerce business, Coupang has expanded into Rocket delivery services to third-party merchants (fulfillment and logistics by Coupang), online grocery delivery Rocket Fresh, online meal delivery (Eats), e-commerce in Taiwan, luxury e-commerce (Farfetch), and travel.

LY is a leading Japanese internet services conglomerate. Its main services are Yahoo Japan, the oldest portal site in Japan that offers a wide variety of services, such as news, e-commerce, financial information, and Line, a national messenger application. In 2019, the company acquired Zozo, a leading online apparel retailer, to grow its e-commerce business. In 2022, LY consolidated with its wholly owned subsidiary PayPay, the most popular QR code payment service in Japan.

Naver has been the leading search portal in South Korea for many years. The company has also been evolving into an internet platform providing a variety of internet services, such as news, a dictionary, maps, digital comic content, social networking, e-commerce, videos, fintech services based on online payments, and Cloud services. Naver was also the incubator of Line Yahoo, the leading mobile messaging app in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Indonesia, which merged with Z Holdings (Yahoo Japan), with Naver now owning 32.5% of the merged entity renamed LY.

Shein Global Holdings Ltd is an online fashion and lifestyle company. It operates online platforms that offer fashion products to consumers mainly in the United States and Europe. The company's portfolio of brands includes SHEIN, Dazy, Romwe, MOTF, Anewsta, Musera, Glowmode, and Aralina. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the sale of its fashion apparel products.

JD Health is the largest healthcare e-commerce platform in China in terms of revenue. The company offers pharmaceutical drugs and healthcare products on its platform, both as a marketplace that connects merchants to consumers and as a first-party, or 1P, direct retailer. It also offers online consultation from real life doctors and separately partners with offline pharmacies that can provide location-based 24/7 delivery as part of an omnichannel initiative to complement its core e-commerce business. Its closest competitors are Alibaba Health and Meituan for its e-commerce business. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the platform has over 200 million active annual users and over 70,000 merchants. JD Health is 67.49% owned by its parent company, JD.com.

Wayfair engages in e-commerce in the United States (88% of 2025 sales), Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. It's also embarked on expansion into the brick-and-mortar landscape, with 12 stores (excluding outlets) between the AllModern, Birch Lane, Joss & Main, and Wayfair banners. At the end of 2025, the firm offered more than 40 million products from more than 20,000 suppliers under the brands Wayfair, Joss & Main, AllModern, Birch Lane, and Perigold. Its offerings include furniture, everyday and seasonal decor, decorative accents, housewares, as well as advertising and logistics services. Wayfair was founded in 2002 and began trading publicly in 2014.

Lenskart Solutions Ltd is a technology-driven eyewear company, with a belief that clear vision is fundamental to personal development and well-being. It sells a range of eyewear products including prescription eyeglasses, sunglasses, and other products such as contact lenses and eyewear accessories.

Meesho Ltd is a technology platform that integrates commerce, logistics, and content creation to support e-commerce activities under the Meesho brand. The Company also provides digital financial services by facilitating financing arrangements between non-banking financial companies and sellers to support access to credit, and it operates a supply-chain service for the delivery of groceries and other products. The Company operates through the Marketplace segment, which is a technology platform connecting consumers, sellers, logistics partners, and content creators, and the New Initiatives segment, which includes a low-cost local logistics network for daily essentials and a digital financial services platform. The majority of the Company's revenue is generated from the Marketplace segment.

FSN E-Commerce Ventures Ltd is engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling and distributing beauty, wellness, fitness, personal care, health care, skin care, hair care products, fashion garments, fashion accessories and equipments on the online portals or websites such as e-commerce, m-commerce, internet, intranet as well as through physical stores, stalls, general trade and modern trade etc. In addition, it also provides marketing support services. The group operates in the following segments: Beauty, Fashion, and Others. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Beauty segment, which comprises online beauty platform, beauty-owned brands, physical retail stores, eB2B distribution business, and Nykaa Man BPC business. Geographically, the group derives key revenue from India.

Rakuten is a Japanese internet services and technology group headquartered in the Tamagawa district of Setagaya, Tokyo, and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Its core business is Rakuten Ichiba, an online shopping marketplace launched in May 1997 that charges merchants a combination of monthly fixed fees and commissions on sales, alongside Rakuten Travel. Its fintech arm grew from the 2004 purchase of the company that became Rakuten Card, whose cards were held by over 13 million people by 2016, and in 2016 the group also ran Japan's largest internet bank, with services tied together by the Rakuten Super Point loyalty program. It also runs mobile operator Rakuten Mobile, messaging app Viber, e-book distributor Kobo, video service Viki and the Rakuten Rewards cash-back business, formerly Ebates, bought for $1 billion in 2014. The group reported revenue of ¥2.279 trillion and an operating loss of ¥194.7 billion in 2024, and employed 29,334 people in more than 30 countries. It was founded as MDM, Inc. by former banker Hiroshi Mikitani in 1997 and renamed Rakuten in 1999; Mikitani remains chairman, president and chief executive. In sport it formed the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles baseball team in 2004 and bought J1 League football club Vissel Kobe in 2015, and it has sponsored FC Barcelona and the Golden State Warriors.

Chewy is the largest e-commerce petcare retailer in the US, generating $11.9 billion in fiscal 2024 sales across pet food, treats, hard goods, and pharmacy categories. The firm was founded in 2011, acquired by PetSmart in 2017, and tapped public markets as a stand-alone company in 2019 after spending time developing under the aegis of the pet superstore chain. The firm generates sales from pet food, treats, over-the-counter medications, medical prescription fulfillment, and hard goods like crates, leashes, and bowls.

Global E Online Ltd provides e-commerce solutions. The company offers a platform to enable and accelerate direct-to-consumer cross-border e-commerce. The platform was purpose-built for international shoppers to buy seamlessly online and for merchants to sell from and anywhere in the world. The company localizes the shopper experience to make international transactions as seamless as domestic ones. The platform increases the conversion of international traffic into sales by removing much of the complexity associated with international e-commerce. The company derives maximum revenue from the United States.

Zalando, founded in 2008, is Europe’s biggest pure-play online fashion platform. Zalando is present in 25 European countries, and its major market is the DACH region, comprising Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. After the About You acquisition, it has 17 fulfillment centers, offers over 7,000 brands, and as of September 2025, had 62 million active users (more than 10% of the population in countries where the firm has a presence).

Zozo was established in 1998 by Yusaku Maezawa (founder and former CEO), and its main business is Zozotown, the largest fashion e-commerce platform in Japan. Zozotown’s business consists mainly of consignment sales, where each brand’s products are stocked in Zozotown’s logistics bases, and brands open their shops on Zozotown as tenants. As of 2025, Zozotown sold clothing from over 9,000 brands and boasted about 12.8 million annual active users. Zozo acquired LYST, a UK-based fashion e-commerce platform operator, in 2025.

Mango Excellent Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the provision of E-commerce services through Television, Internet, Catalogs, and other multimedia channels. The company operates three main business segments. The Mango Television Internet Video Business segment delivers content such as variety shows, TV dramas, films, movies, animations, and short videos. The New Media Interactive Entertainment Content Production Business segment covers the creation and operation of dramas, variety programs, and games, alongside artist management, music copyrights, and game development. The Media Retail Business segment focuses on TV shopping, media e-commerce, and overseas-related operations. The company generates maximum revenue from the Mango Television internet video business segment.

Vipshop is a leading Chinese online discount retailer offering branded products at attractive discounts ranging from 10%-90% off their original price through daily flash sales. It operates warehousing, retailing, product procurements, software development, and information technology support in-house while outsourcing to third-party logistics providers for distribution and shipments. Branded products on Vipshop’s platform are sourced mostly through a consignment model with global brand partners . As of March 31, 2025, Eric Ya Shen, chairman and CEO, had 64.5% voting rights. Leading Chinese social media firm and strategic shareholder Tencent also holds an 12.5% interest.

Alibaba Health is of one of China's leading e-commerce platform specializing in healthcare-related products, including prescription drugs, OTC drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, health foods, and so on. The company operates both a third-party B2C service, or 3P, and its own direct-to-consumer business, or 1P, with its own inventory, which can both be accessed by Alibaba’s Tmall app and Alipay. The company also provides online consultation services in a separate app called Yilu or “Dr. Deer,” although its e-commerce businesses remain its core competency in the long-term. E-commerce accounted for 93% of revenue in fiscal year 2022. We estimate that AliHealth holds about 45% of market share in the industry in terms of GMV. AliHealth is 63.74% owned by its parent company, Alibaba Group.

Vishal Mega Mart Ltd is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade of apparel, fast-moving consumer goods, and general merchandise. The group offers products across three product categories: apparel, general merchandise, and fast-moving consumer goods through a pan-India network of nearly 645 Vishal Mega Mart stores. Its brands are Yellow Hippo, Wavelength, Brink, Home Pure, Outshine, Tandem, Home Finery, and Others. The Group operates in the reportable segment of Contract Manufacturing and Wholesale and Retail Trading.

Xingyun Technology Co Ltd is engaged in modern manufacturing, communications design and construction, software services, and transportation and logistics. Its activities include software development, wholesale and retail of computer hardware, software, and related equipment, sales agency services.

Openlane Inc provides a digital marketplace for used vehicles, connecting sellers and buyers in North America and Europe for fast and transparent transactions. Its services include financing, repossessions, repairs, transportation, warranty, and inventory management. The company operates used-vehicle auctions and has two main segments: Marketplace and Finance, with majority revenue coming from the Marketplace segment, which to used vehicle remarketing, including marketplace services, remarketing, or make ready services and all are interrelated, synergistic elements along the auto remarketing chain. The Finance segment, through AFC engaged in business of providing short-term, inventory-secured financing to independent vehicle dealers.

Inchcape PLC, based in the United Kingdom, is a distributor and retailer of premium and luxury automobiles through partnerships with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The company has three reportable segments and two operating business units: distribution and retail. The distribution segment delivers new vehicles and parts in three geographies (Asia Pacific (APAC), the Americas, Europe and Africa) and provides associated marketing and logistics operations. The retail segment sells new and used vehicles in the U.K. and Europe. The company’s profitable revenue sources are distribution services performed in APAC and retail services in the U.K. and Europe.

Polibeli Group Ltd is engaged in goods trading and others to promote the circulation of goods with a focus on making trading easier. The products offered by the company include consumer electronic accessories, household appliances, skincare products, oral-care products, cosmetics products, toys and game products, and health-care products. Geographically, the company derives the majority of its revenue from Japan.

momo.com Inc is an e-commerce company that serves Taiwan. The company is engaged in TV and radio production, radio and TV program distribution, radio and TV commercial, video program distribution, issuing of magazine, retailing, and retail sale no storefront. The Group has two reporting segments: E-commerce division and Multimedia business division. It derives maximum revenue from E-Commerce Segment.

PT Global Digital Niaga Tbk is engaged in the business of Retail Trading and programming Activities, as well as Web Portals and/or Digital Platforms. Its segments are Online Retail (First party and Third party), Institution, and Physical store.

ACV Auctions Inc operates a mobile platform for wholesale car auctions. It provides a digital marketplace for wholesale vehicle transactions and data services that offer transparent and accurate vehicle information for customers. Additionally, the company's marketplace platform is supported by remarketing centers in various locations throughout the United States.

Modivo SA operates in the footwear and apparel segment across multiple European markets. The group follows an omnichannel retail model that includes a network of physical stores and e-commerce platforms. Its operations are conducted under several brands, including CCC, HalfPrice, eobuwie.pl, MODIVO, Worldbox, and Boardriders.

Suning.com Co Ltd, formerly Suning Commerce Group Co Ltd, is a retail shop offering electronic appliances such as air-conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, color TVs, audio-video products, small home appliances, communication products, computers and digital products.

DeNA is a Japanese internet, games and sports company headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo. Founded in 1999 by Tomoko Namba, it started with the online auction site Bidders, listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 2005 and built the Mobage mobile gaming platform, which had 20.5 million users and ¥48 billion of digital goods sales by 2010. It later developed mobile games with partners such as Nintendo, including Super Mario Run and Pokémon Masters, and in 2022 formed the joint venture Nintendo Systems with Nintendo. It also runs e-commerce services such as DeNA Shopping. In sport it bought the Yokohama BayStars baseball club from TBS Holdings, renaming it the Yokohama DeNA BayStars in 2012, and acquired the B.League basketball team Kawasaki Brave Thunders in 2018. DeNA earns revenue from game and in-app item sales, e-commerce, advertising, and ticketing, sponsorship and merchandise at its sports teams. Through corporate venture investments it also backs Japanese startups such as ALGO ARTIS, Justincase and the AI character startup Shizuku AI.

Revolve Group Inc is an emerging e-commerce retailer, selling women's dresses, handbags, shoes, beauty products, and incidentals across its marketplace properties, Revolve and FWRD. The platform is built to suit the "next-generation customer," emphasizing mobile commerce, influencer marketing, and occupying an aspirational but attainable luxury niche. With $1.1 billion in 2024 net sales, the firm sits just outside the top 30 apparel retailers (by sales) in the U.S, but has consistently generated robust top-line growth as the industry continues to favor digital channels. Revolve generates approximately 18% of sales from private-label offerings, while focusing on building an inventory of distinctive products from emerging fashion brands with less than $10 million in annual sales.

E-MART is a South Korean retail company headquartered in Seoul and part of the Shinsegae group, and it operates the country's largest chain of hypermarkets under the Emart name. It opened its first store in Chang-dong, Dobong-gu, Seoul, on November 12, 1993, and today runs about 178 Emart stores in South Korea alongside Emart Traders warehouse stores and the Emart24 convenience-store chain, with overseas stores in Mongolia, Vietnam and Malaysia. It sells groceries and general merchandise to consumers and earns revenue mainly from product sales. In 2021 it bought an 80.01% stake in eBay Korea, renamed Gmarket, to strengthen its e-commerce business alongside SSG.com, and in the same year it bought the SK Wyverns baseball club, now SSG Landers. The company reported consolidated revenue of about KRW 29.47 trillion in 2023, when it posted its first annual loss, and returned to an operating profit in 2024. Chairman Chung Yong-jin is its largest shareholder.

Sailvan Times Co Ltd  is a technology-driven export cross-border brand e-commerce. The company sells high-quality and individuality to global consumers through third-party e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, Walmart, eBay, Wish, and vertical category self-operated websites such as SHESHOW and Retro Stage. It offers modern lifestyle products, including clothing accessories, sports and entertainment, department stores and home furnishings and others. The company also provides logistics services to third parties based on its comprehensive cross-border warehousing and logistics system.

Syoung Group Co Ltd is an e-commerce company. It owns multiple independent skincare brands such as Yunifang, Xiaomazu, Dadihui, and Huayaohua.

Gold.com Inc is an integrated alternative assets platform that offers an extensive range of precious metals, numismatic coins, and collectibles to consumers, collectors, and institutional clients of various countries.

GoodRx Holdings Inc is a consumer-focused digital healthcare platform that aims to lower the cost of healthcare in the United States. It operates a price comparison platform that provides consumers with curated, geographically relevant prescription pricing, and provides access to negotiated prices through codes that can be used to save money on prescriptions across the United States. GoodRx generates revenue from core business from pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) that manage formularies and prescription transactions including establishing pricing between consumers and pharmacies. It also offers various healthcare products and services, including pharma manufacturer solutions, subscriptions, and telehealth services.

Tuhu Car Inc operates an integrated online and offline platforms for automotive service in China. Online, the company streamlines diverse car service needs into one centralized platform through its flagship TUHU Automotive Service APP and online interfaces, delivering the digital and on-demand service experience to customers. Offline, the company has three different types of stores, including self-operated Tuhu workshops, franchised Tuhu workshops, and third-party partner stores. It serves the passenger vehicle models sold in China, fulfilling automotive service demands ranging from tires and chassis parts replacement to auto maintenance, repair, detailing, and more. All of the company’s geographic operations are carried out in PRC.

Moonpig Group PLC operates in the gifting market. The company is an online greeting cards and gifting platform, comprising the Moonpig, Red Letter Days, and Buyagift brands in the UK and the Greetz brand in the Netherlands. Its products and services include a range of cards, a curated range of gifts, personalization features, and next-day delivery offerings. The company's operating segments are Moonpig, which derives key revenue, Greetz, and Experiences. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United Kingdom and the rest from the Netherlands, Ireland, the United States, and Australia.

Dmall Inc is a retail digitalization solution providers in China and Asia, which offers a range of principal products and services designed to digitalize and optimize operations of the local retailers. The principal activities of the Company are the provision of retail core service cloud, e-commerce service cloud and other services to customers. It is an industry pioneer that develops retail digitalization solutions in response to four key industry needs - (i) to upgrade consumer experience, (ii) to enhance operational efficiency, (iii) to safeguard system security, and (iv) to fulfill ESG responsibility. The company distinguishes itself from its competitors by achieving full-spectrum coverage, incorporating industry practices, facilitating intelligent data-driven business decision-making.

Akso Health Group is a social e-commerce platform based in China. The company collaborates with domestic e-commerce platforms and offers users a wide selection of high-quality and affordable products on its social e-commerce platform. It generates majority of the revenues from sale of medical devices business.

Jumia Technologies AG is the pan-African e-commerce platform. The company's platform consists of a marketplace that connects sellers with consumers. The logistics services of the company enables the shipment and delivery of packages from sellers to consumers, and the company's payment service facilitates transactions among participants active on its platform in selected markets. The company generates revenue from first-party sales, third-party sales, marketing and advertising, and the provision of other services. Its geographical segments are West Africa, North Africa, East & South Africa, Europe, and United Arab Emirates. The firm generates majority of its revenue from the West Africa segment.

Brainbees Solutions Ltd is engaged in the business of buying, selling, advertising, and promoting baby and kids products and Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods on a wholesale basis through various business partners. It also runs the pre-school business for kids through various franchisee partners in India.