GVS Valuation Multiples

Tesla is a vertically integrated battery electric vehicle automaker and developer of real-world artificial intelligence software, which includes autonomous driving and humanoid robots. The company has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include a midsize sedan and crossover SUV in the entry-level luxury category, a luxury light truck, and a semitruck. Tesla also runs a robotaxi service in four US metropolitan areas. Global deliveries in 2025 were nearly 1.64 million vehicles. Additionally, the company sells batteries for stationary storage for residential and commercial properties, including utilities, solar panels, and solar roofs for energy generation. Tesla also owns a fast-charging network and a US auto insurance business.

GE Vernova is a global leader in the electric power industry, with products and services that generate, transfer, convert, and store electricity. The company has three business segments: power, wind, and electrification. Power includes gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, and steam technologies, providing dispatchable power. The wind segment includes wind generation technologies, including onshore and offshore wind turbines and blades. Electrification includes grid solutions, power conversion, electrification software, and solar and storage solutions technologies required for the transmission, distribution, conversion, and storage of electricity from the point of generation to the point of consumption.

CATL, headquartered in Ningde, Fujian Province, is a global leading battery manufacturer founded in 2011. The company specializes in the development and production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle and energy storage systems. CATL is the largest EV battery manufacturer in the world and leads the industry in innovative battery technology development for higher-energy density and safety, longer battery service life, and super-fast charging. CATL is also involved in the manufacturing of cathode and other related battery materials. Through subsidiary Brunp, it works with customers to create a closed-loop battery life cycle from production, application, to recycling.

Iberdrola is one of the largest utilities in the world with electric utility operations in nearly 40 countries. The company has a 57-gigawatt portfolio of hydro, wind, natural gas, and nuclear power plants. It is one of the largest owners of wind farms in the world, representing about 40% of its portfolio. Although the company has recently developed or acquired distribution and power generation assets in other geographic areas, Spain is still home to more than half of its power generation capacity. Iberdrola also owns and operates electricity and distribution networks in Spain, the UK, Brazil, and the US.

China Yangtze Power Co Ltd business activities include hydroelectric power generation, power distribution and sales, overseas power station's operation, management, consultation services, investment, and financing. It has also established its power distribution and sales platforms such as Three Gorges Water Conservancy and Peru LuzdelSur. The company owns the power generation assets of four hydropower plants on the mainstream of the Yangtze River, namely Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba.

Founded in 1995, BYD is a leading Chinese manufacturer in the design, development, and production of new energy vehicles, or NEVs. In March 2022, the firm discontinued production of internal combustion engine, or ICE, vehicles. Its products primarily target the growing midpriced mass-market segment in China’s passenger vehicle market. The company sold about 4.6 million passenger NEVs in 2025, accounting for 30% of the Chinese passenger NEV market. Besides automobile production, the company is also engaged in handset components and assembly services, as well as the rechargeable battery and photovoltaics business.

WM, previously known as Waste Management, ranks as the largest integrated provider of traditional solid waste services in the United States, operating 262 active landfill sites and about 339 transfer stations that help with transporting waste efficiently and economically. The company serves residential, commercial, industrial, and medical end markets for waste collection, transfer, and disposal. The company also has an energy business emanating from the beneficial use of landfill gas and is a leading recycler in North America.

Republic Services Group is the second-largest waste management company by revenue and provides integrated waste management services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers. With 208 active landfills, 248 transfer stations, and 75 recycling centers, Republic Services has reached $16 billion in annual revenue, focusing on recycling and environmental solutions. The company reports in three segments based on the Western United States (Group 1), Eastern United States (Group 2), and Environmental Solutions across North America (Group 3). Eighty-nine percent of total revenue comes from recycling and waste, with the remaining 11% from Environmental Solutions.

LG Energy Solution is the third-largest battery maker for electric vehicles with about 11% global share in 2024, according to SNE Research. The EV battery segment is the largest revenue contributor, which accounted for more than 60% of total revenue in 2024. LGES also manufactures batteries for mobility, mobile phones, laptops, electrical devices, and energy storage systems. The company was spun off from LG Chem’s battery division in December 2020 and listed on the Korea Exchange in January 2022. It has global manufacturing facilities in Korea, China, Poland, and the United States. Key customers include General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Stellantis.

Bloom Energy is a San Jose-based energy-technology company founded in 2001. It designs and manufactures solid-oxide fuel-cell systems that generate electricity on site from natural gas, biogas or hydrogen without conventional combustion. Commercial and government customers use Bloom Energy Servers for resilient distributed power at data centres, industrial sites, campuses and other facilities. The company also develops electrolyser systems for hydrogen production and provides installation and long-term service support. Revenue comes from equipment and installation sales, electricity arrangements and recurring service contracts. Bloom was privately held when NZ Super Fund made its 2013 and 2014 investments and later became publicly listed, but the recorded transactions concern its private growth phase.

Vistra Corp. is one of the largest power producers and retail energy providers in the US. It owns 44 gigawatts of generation capacity, including natural gas (27 GW), nuclear (6.5 GW), coal (8.7 GW), and solar and battery storage (1.3 GW). The Cogentrix acquisition will add 5.5 GW of gas generation. Vistra's retail electricity business serves 5 million customers in 20 states, including almost a third of all Texas electricity consumers. Vistra emerged from the Energy Future Holdings bankruptcy as a stand-alone entity in 2016.

Ford Motor Co. manufactures automobiles under its Ford and Lincoln brands. In March 2022, the company announced that it will run its combustion engine business, Ford Blue, and its BEV business, Ford Model e, as separate businesses but still all under Ford Motor. The company has over 13% market share in the United States, about 10% share in the UK, and just over 1% share in China including Taiwan and unconsolidated affiliates. Sales in the US made up about 65% of 2025 total company revenue. Ford has about 169,000 employees, including about 56,300 UAW employees, and is based in Dearborn, Michigan.

Waste Connections is a North American waste management company focused on integrated waste collection services. The firm primarily focuses on residential, commercial, municipal, and industrial waste collection, with a secondary market focus on rural areas. With 113 landfills and 222 transfer stations as of 2024, it is the third-largest waste management company by revenue. Revenue is split among six operating segments: Western, Southern, Eastern, Central, Canada, and Midsouth.

Cameco Corp is a provider of uranium needed to generate clean, reliable baseload electricity around the globe and is one of those uranium producers. It has three reportable segments: Uranium, Fuel Services, and Westinghouse, deriving maximum revenue from the Westinghouse segment. The Uranium segment involves the exploration for, mining, milling, purchase, and sale of uranium concentrate, while the Fuel Services segment involves the refining, conversion, and fabrication of uranium concentrate and the purchase and sale of conversion services. Westinghouse Electric Company provides products and services to nuclear reactors, including outage and maintenance services, engineering support, instrumentation and controls equipment, plant modification, and components and parts.

Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc is engaged in the development and operation of the Lancang River and the surrounding areas of hydropower resources. The company is also engaged in the exploration of solar photovoltaic, wind power, shale gas, and other new energy construction.

Vestas is a leading manufacturer of wind turbines with the highest installed capacity under service in the world. The firm operates two business segments: power solutions and services. The power solutions segment designs, manufactures, and installs onshore and offshore wind turbines. The services segment performs operating and maintenance service work on wind turbines.

Gulf Development Public Company Limited, trading as GULF and formerly Gulf Energy Development, is a Bangkok-based Thai energy and infrastructure holding company founded on 19 August 2011 by Sarath Ratanavadi, bringing together the power generation businesses of Gulf Electric and Gulf Holdings. It has been listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand since a 2017 IPO that raised about THB 24 billion. Its energy arm runs gas-fired, solar and wind plants in Thailand and abroad, with domestic and international capacity above 23 GW in 2025, while infrastructure covers ports, LNG terminals and motorways and the digital arm includes cloud computing and the Gulf Binance crypto exchange venture. The company merged with its subsidiary Intouch Holdings with effect from 1 April 2025, took the name Gulf Development, and now directly holds about 40% of Advanced Info Service and 40% of Thaicom. For 2025 it reported core profit of THB 28.8 billion, up 33.4%, and net profit of THB 86.6 billion including a one-off merger gain of THB 56.1 billion. It plans about THB 100 billion of investment over five years, 60-70% of it in clean energy.

Veolia is a French environmental-services group whose corporate origins date to 1853. It provides drinking-water production and distribution, wastewater treatment, waste collection and recycling, energy management and related infrastructure services. Municipal governments, utilities, industrial customers and commercial organizations contract with the group under operating, concession and service arrangements. Revenue comes primarily from long-term service contracts and the operation of essential environmental infrastructure rather than from equipment sales. At the time of Qatari Diar's 2010 investment, Veolia employed more than 310,000 people worldwide and reported 2009 revenue of EUR 34.5 billion across water, waste, energy and transportation. The group later narrowed its portfolio and in 2022 combined with most of the former SUEZ business, expanding its global water and waste operations.

Danish company Orsted was named Dong Energy until the sale of all its oil and gas fields to Ineos in 2017, soon after the May 2016 initial public offering. Orsted is now focused on renewable assets, especially offshore wind farms. It operated 9.9 gigawatts of offshore wind farms at the end of 2024. The United Kingdom is the biggest country of operation, ahead of Germany and Denmark. The group intends to develop its footprint outside Europe with projects in Taiwan and in the US. Orsted also operates 4.8 GW of onshore wind and solar assets concentrated in the United States. The company is involved in more traditional utilities business like conventional power plants and gas supply, but these activities are noncore.

EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG is active in the energy sector in Germany and the rest of Europe. It operates in three segments: Smart Infrastructure for Customers, which comprises the sale of electricity and gas, energy industry services and energy solutions, provision and expansion of quick-charging infrastructure and digital solutions for electromobility, broadband activities; System Critical Infrastructure segment is into the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas; and Sustainable Generation Infrastructure segment, which generates maximum revenue, encompasses activities in the areas of renewable energies and conventional generation, district heating and waste management/environmental services. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Germany.

Veralto is a diversified industrial firm organized into two segments. The water quality segment offers water analytics and water treatment solutions, while the product quality and innovation segment offers coding, packaging, and color solutions for consumer packaged goods and pharmaceuticals. Headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, the company has around 17,000 employees. Veralto generated approximately $5.5 billion in revenue in 2025.

Xylem is a global leader in water technology and offers a wide range of solutions, including the transport, treatment, testing, and efficient use of water for customers in the utility, industrial, commercial, and residential sectors. Xylem was spun off from ITT in 2011. Based in Rye Brook, New York, Xylem has a presence in over 150 countries and employs 16,200. The company generated $9 billion in revenue in 2025.

EDP is a vertically integrated utility company and is the largest generator, supplier, and distributor of electricity in Portugal. In addition to Portugal, EDP has sizable operations in Spain, Brazil, and the US. EDP owns 71% of EDP Renovaveis, the fourth-largest wind power owner/operator in the world. EDP delisted Energias do Brasil in August 2023 after buying out the 46% minorities.

Uniper SE is a Germany-based energy generation and energy trading company. The firm operates through three segments: Flexible Generation, Greener commodities, and Green Generation. The Green Generation segment comprises emission-free power generation plants that the Uniper Group operates in Europe. The Flexible Generation segment comprises the power and heat generation plants that the Uniper Group operates in Europe to flexibly meet grid operators' requirements. The Greener Commodities segment bundles the energy trading and optimization activities and forms the commercial interface between the Uniper Group and the globally traded markets for energy and the major customers. The majority of revenue is derived from the Greener Commodities segment.

SDIC Power Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in investment and construction, management of energy projects based on electric power generation, development and operation of renewable energy projects, high technology and eco-friendly industries, development and operation of the products associated with electric power, as well as consultancy. The company mainly operates its businesses in the domestic and overseas markets.

GFL Environmental Inc is an environmental services company. Its offerings include non-hazardous solid waste management, infrastructure, soil remediation, and liquid waste management services. Its solid waste management business line, which generates the majority of the revenue, consists of the collection, transportation, transfer, recycling, and disposal of non-hazardous solid waste. Its Environmental Services business line includes liquid waste and soil remediation. The company's geographical segments are Canada and the United States. The company derives the majority of its revenue from the United States.

First Solar designs and manufactures solar photovoltaic panels, modules, and systems for use in utility-scale development projects. The company's solar modules use cadmium telluride to convert sunlight into electricity. This is commonly called thin-film technology. First Solar is the world’s largest thin-film solar module manufacturer. It has production lines in Vietnam, Malaysia, the United States, and India.

Rivian is a battery electric vehicle automaker that sells its vehicles in the US and Canada. The company also develops electronic control units and related software for autos in a joint venture with Volkswagen. Rivian has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include a luxury truck and full-size SUV and a delivery van. The company plans to begin selling a midsize SUV in 2026. Total deliveries were over 42,000 in 2025. Rivian is also developing autonomous driving software to be used in its vehicles.

APi Group Corp operates in two segments: Safety Services segment includes providing safety services in North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe, focusing on end-to-end integrated occupancy systems (fire protection solutions, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning and entry systems), including design, installation, inspection, and service of these integrated systems. These services are provided in commercial, education, healthcare, high tech, industrial, and special-hazard settings. Specialty Services segment includes providing a variety of infrastructure services and specialized industrial plant services, which include maintenance and repair of critical infrastructure such as underground electric, gas, water, sewer, and telecommunications infrastructure.

Clean Harbors Inc is an environmental and industrial services provider that provides parts cleaning and related environmental services to commercial, industrial, and automotive customers. Its business segments are Environmental Services and Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions. Environmental Services includes waste collection, transportation, treatment, recycling, and disposal, along with industrial maintenance services. Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions provides used oil collection and manufactures base oil, vacuum gas oil, and lubricants. The company generates the majority of its revenues from the Environmental Services segment and operates in the United States, with maximum revenue, and Canada.

Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturer, offering a diverse portfolio of smarter, integrated and safer mobility solutions. It designs, manufactures and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications. Its operating segments consist of: a) Automotive: The Automotive segment consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover and Vehicle Financing. Other operating segments do not meet the quantitative thresholds for disclosure and have been aggregated. b) Others: Others consist of IT services and Insurance Broking services. The majority of revenue is generated from the Tata Commercial Vehicles sub-segment of the Automotive segment.

Public Power Corp SA is an integrated utility group engaged in electricity generation, distribution, and the sale of energy products and services. It operates in Greece, Romania, and North Macedonia, with renewable energy activities in Italy, Bulgaria, and Croatia. The company's operating segments are Generation, Distribution, Technology - Media and Communication, Transport, Sales and Trade. The majority of revenue is derived from the Generation segment, which includes the activity of generation from lignite units, oil stations, natural gas stations and RES, the activity of mining lignite to support the generation; and the activity of supply in Greece and Romania.

China Three Gorges Renewables is one of China’s largest renewable energy producers. The firm operates wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and energy storage projects. CTGR has a total generation capacity of about 48.0 gigawatts as of the end of 2024. In particular, the firm is also one of the largest offshore wind farm operators in China, with 7.0 GW of installed capacity at the end of 2024, representing about 17% of China’s total capacity. Parent company, China Three Gorges, a state-owned enterprise, owns approximately 52.6% of CTGR’s issued shares as of the end of 2024.

Aramark is an American food service and facilities services company headquartered in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It runs cafeterias, catering, concessions and facility management under contract for clients in education, healthcare, business, corrections, sports and leisure, including major league sports venues and most of the food served on Amtrak trains. It operates in the United States and Canada and in 14 other countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, Chile, Ireland and Spain, and earns contract revenue for the services it provides, buying food and supplies from manufacturers and distributors such as Sysco. Aramark reported revenue of US$18.5 billion and net income of US$326 million for its 2025 fiscal year, with 278,390 employees. It was founded in 1936 by Davre and Henry Davidson as Davidson Brothers, a vending business for aviation plant workers in Southern California, became Automatic Retailers of America in 1959 and adopted the Aramark name in 1994. A group led by long-time chief executive Joseph Neubauer with CCMP Capital, Goldman Sachs, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Warburg Pincus took it private in a deal completed in 2007. In 2023 it spun off its uniform business as the listed company Vestis; John Zillmer has been chief executive since October 2019.

China Resources Power, or CR Power, is one of China’s largest independent power producers. The firm operates wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, hydroelectric power plants and thermal power (coal-fired and gas-fired) plants, which are situated mostly in eastern, central and southern China, with a total attributable operational generation capacity of about 72.4 gigawatts as of end-2024. Renewable energy accounts for about 47.2% of its capacity. China Resources Holdings, a key state-owned conglomerate, owns approximately 62.9% of CR Power’s shares outstanding.

LONGi Green Energy Technology is one of the largest integrated solar company in the world. It produced 106 gigawatts of solar silicon wafers and 70 GW of solar modules in 2024. Solar silicon wafer and solar module contributed 10% and 80% of revenue in 2024, respectively. LONGi’s products are sold in more than 150 countries and regions.

Nextpower (and its subsidiaries) is a leading provider of intelligent, integrated solar tracker and software solutions used in utility-scale and distributed generation solar projects around the world. Nextpower's products enable solar panels in utility-scale power plants to follow the sun’s movement across the sky and optimize plant performance. Nextpower has operations in the United States, Mexico, Spain and other countries in Europe, India, Australia, the Middle East, Africa, and Brazil.

Datang International Power Generation Co Ltd is one of five state-controlled independent power producers in China. The power generation businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries cover provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, whereas the coal-fired power generators of the Company are centralized in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and southeast coastal regions. The majority of the hydropower projects are located in the southwest region. Wind power and photovoltaic power projects are distributed across the country in areas with abundant resources. The operating segments of the group are the Power and heat generation segment and the Other segments.

Li Auto is a leading Chinese NEV manufacturer that designs, develops, manufactures, and sells premium smart NEVs. The company started volume production of its first model Li One in November 2019. The model is a six-seater, large, premium plug-in electric SUV equipped with a range extension system and advanced smart vehicle solutions. It sold over 500,000 NEVs in 2024, accounting for about 4% of China's passenger new energy vehicle market. Beyond Li One, the company expands its product line, including both BEVs and PHEVs, to target a broader consumer base.

Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Ltd Formerly Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturing company. It designs, manufactures, and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications, aggregates such as axles and transmissions for commercial vehicles, and factory automation equipment, and provides information technology services. Its operating segments include Automotive and Others. The Automotive segment, which derives key revenue, consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover, and Vehicle Financing. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from India, and the rest from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Rest of Europe, China, and the Rest of the World.

Zhejiang Zheneng Electric Power Co Ltd is engaged in the thermal power generation business in China. It also provides thermal products, as well as invests in nuclear power.

Rentokil Initial is a British pest-control and hygiene services group based in southern England, listed on the London Stock Exchange (RTO) and the New York Stock Exchange and a member of the FTSE 100. It was founded in 1925 by Harold Maxwell-Lefroy as a pest-control company and grew through acquisitions, including BET plc in 1996, which added laundry and washroom services under the Initial brand. The group reported revenue of £6,908 million in 2025 and employs about 58,000 people, with operations across Europe, Australasia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South Africa, North America and India. Its largest transaction was the acquisition of Terminix Global Holdings, announced in December 2021 at $6.7 billion and completed on 12 October 2022, which made North America its biggest market and created a business with about 4.9 million customers. Integration of Terminix has taken longer than first planned and is now expected to finish in 2026.

Enlight Renewable Energy Ltd develops, finances, constructs, owns, and operates utility-scale renewable energy projects. The company’s operating segments are the MENA segment, Europe segment, U.S.A segment, and Others. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Europe segment, which produces its revenue from the sale of the electricity that is produced through wind energy and solar energy in Europe.

JSW Energy Ltd is an Indian electric utility company and member of the Jindal Group business conglomerate. JSW Energy segments Thermal and Renewables. Thermal: Comprises of generation of power from coal and other thermal sources from plants and Renewables: Comprises of generation of power from renewable energy sources i.e. hydro, wind, solar and related ancillary services. owned and related ancillary services. Geographically, it generates a majority of its revenue from India.

Nordex SE is a German company that develops, manufactures, services, and markets wind power systems. The company manages its activities via Projects and Service segments. The projects segment includes all activities associated with the development, production, assembly and commissioning of wind turbines and project development business. The services segment encompasses services and projects for existing turbines after their handover to customers. In particular, this includes technical services such as maintenance and remote monitoring of wind farms as well as repair and technical enhancements for existing turbines. The majority of the sales are done through the projects segment.

Sodexo is one of the largest food service companies globally, operating in 45 countries with annual sales exceeding EUR 20 billion. Sodexo's model rests on operating on-premises catering facilities, rather than centralized industrial kitchens. Food services remain the largest business segment, contributing 66% of revenue in 2024. Sodexo has its own group purchasing organization, or GPO, Entegra, with annual purchasing of over EUR 37 billion. The company spun off its benefits and service business, Pluxee, and now focuses on food services and its second business, facilities-management services.

Founded in 2015, XPeng is a leading Chinese electric vehicle company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets EVs in China. Its products primarily target the growing base of technology-savvy middle-class consumers in the midrange to high-end segment in China's passenger vehicle market. The company sold about 430,000 EVs in 2025, accounting for about 3% of China's passenger new energy vehicle market. It is also a leader in autonomous driving technology.

Tetra Tech Inc provides consulting and engineering services for environmental, infrastructure, resource management, energy, and international development markets. It specializes in providing water-related services for public and private clients. It designs infrastructure, facilities, and other structures with complex plans and resource management. it has two reportable segments. Its Government Services Group (GSG) segment includes activities with U.S. government clients (federal, state and local) and activities with development agencies world-wide. Commercial/International Services Group (CIG) segment, which derives maximum revenue, includes activities with U.S. commercial clients and international clients other than development agencies.