Fujian Rongji Software Valuation Multiples

Palantir is an artificial intelligence, analytics, and automated decision-making company that leverages data to drive efficiency across its clients' organizations. The firm serves commercial and government clients via its Foundry and Gotham platforms, respectively. Palantir works only with entities in Western-allied nations and reserves the right not to work with anyone that is antithetical to Western values. The company was founded in 2003 and went public in 2020.

S&P Global provides data and benchmarks to capital and commodity market participants. Its ratings business is the largest credit rating agency in the world and S&P's largest segment by profitability. S&P's largest segment by revenue is market intelligence, which provides desktop, data and advisory solutions, enterprise solutions, and credit/risk solutions mostly in the financial-services industry. S&P's other segments include energy (formerly commodity insights, this segment includes Platts and other data), mobility (Carfax), and indexes. S&P plans to spin off mobility in 2026.

Cadence Design Systems is a provider of electronic design automation software, intellectual property, and system design and analysis products. EDA software automates and aids in the chip design process, enhancing design accuracy, productivity, and complexity in a full-flow end-to-end solution. Cadence offers a portfolio of design IP, as well as system design and analysis products, which enables system-level analysis and verification solutions.

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

Founded in 1982, Autodesk is a multinational software company best known for pioneering computer-aided design, or CAD, with its AutoCAD product. Nowadays, Autodesk provides design software for a variety of verticals, including architecture & construction, manufacturing, and media & entertainment. Autodesk products have been used in some of the world's most iconic landmarks, like Burj Khalifa, and well-known movie titles like Avatar.

Constellation Software is an acquirer, manager, and developer of vertical market software, or VMS, businesses globally. VMS differentiates from horizontal software in that it provides mission critical solutions within a specific industry for customers in a particular market. Constellation operates through a decentralized model in which each business operates as its own independent entity. Managers of individual businesses are incentivized to optimize their business for returns on invested capital and revenue growth. Excess cash generated by the individual businesses is repatriated to portfolio managers who focus on allocating as much capital as possible on new acquisitions. As of 2025, Constellation consisted of over 1,000 individual businesses and 64,000 employees.

Idexx Laboratories primarily develops, manufactures, and distributes diagnostic products, equipment, and services for pets and livestock. Its key product lines include single-use canine and feline test kits that veterinarians can employ in the office, benchtop chemistry and hematology analyzers for test-panel analysis on-site, reference lab services, and tests to detect and manage disease in livestock. The firm also offers vet practice management software and consulting services to animal hospitals. Idexx derives roughly 35% of its revenue from outside the United States.

Roper Technologies is a holding company focused on acquiring, managing, and developing niche market-leading technology businesses. The company operates a decentralized business model whereby each portfolio company operates independently from the others. Roper positions itself as a free cash flow compounder, whereby excess free cash flow generated by its portfolio businesses is repatriated to the parent company, which is then utilized to acquire additional businesses. Presently, the company operates 30 distinct businesses with over three-fourths of the revenue coming from software products and over two-thirds of the revenue coming from recurring and recurring sources.

Dassault Systèmes is a leading provider of computer-assisted design and product lifecycle management software, serving customers like Boeing and Volkswagen throughout the production process. The company’s flagship product, Catia, primarily serves the transportation, industrial equipment, and aerospace and defense industries. In life sciences, Dassault’s Medidata cloud platform optimizes clinical trial efficiency and is the leader in electronic data capture.

Iqvia is the result of the 2016 merger of Quintiles, a leading global contract research organization, and IMS Health, a leading healthcare data and analytics provider. The research and development segment focuses primarily on providing outsourced late-stage clinical trials for pharmaceutical, device, and diagnostic firms. The technology and analytics segment provides aggregated information and technology services to clients in the healthcare industry, including pharmaceutical companies, providers, payers, and policymakers, as well as data and analytics capabilities for clinical trials, including virtual trials. The company also has a small contract sales business.

Veeva is the global leading supplier of cloud-based software solutions for the life sciences industry. The company's best-of-breed offerings address operating and regulatory requirements for customers ranging from small, emerging biotechnology companies to departments of global pharmaceutical manufacturers. The company leverages its domain expertise to improve the efficiency and compliance of the underserved life sciences industry, displacing large, highly customized and dated enterprise resource planning systems that have limited flexibility. Its two main products are Veeva CRM, a customer relationship management platform for companies with a salesforce, and Veeva Vault, a content management platform that tackles various functions within any life sciences company.

Founded in 1956, Fair Isaac Corporation is a leading applied analytics company. Fair Isaac is primarily known for its FICO credit scores, which is a widely used industry benchmark to determine the creditworthiness of an individual consumer. The firm’s US-centric credit scores business accounts for most of the firm’s revenue and profits and consists of business-to-business and business-to-consumer services. In addition to scores, Fair Isaac also sells software primarily to financial institutions for areas such as analytics, decision-making, customer workflows, and fraud.

Kuehne+Nagel is a global transportation and logistics company founded in Switzerland in 1890. Following DSV's acquisition of DB Schenker, Kuehne+Nagel will be the second-largest seafreight forwarder globally and hold a minimum of the top three spots in airfreight. Seafreight has traditionally accounted for the largest part of the business, contributing 40% of the group's revenue in 2024. The company aims to become a more balanced, fully integrated freight forwarder, continually improving its end-to-end offering to clients.

GE HealthCare Technologies is a leading medical technology firm with leading market share in imaging and ultrasound equipment. The company reports four major segments: imaging (45% of revenue), advanced visualization solutions (26%), patient care solutions (15%), and pharmaceutical diagnostics (14%). The company’s sales are geographically diverse, with the United States, EMEA, China, and the rest of the world accounting for 46%, 26%, 11%, and 17% respectively. We estimate approximately half of its revenue is recurring, which consists of servicing (about one third of revenue), pharmaceutical diagnostics (about 10%-15%), and digital solutions (just over 5%).

Founded in 1987 by four major European airline carriers (Air France, Lufthansa, Iberia, and SAS), Amadeus became the world’s second global distribution system operator, or GDS, after Sabre’s development in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, among the top three GDS operators that control nearly 100% of industry sales, Amadeus' 40%-plus market share ranks as the largest. Overall, Amadeus’ GDS segment represented 48% of total in 2024. Moreover, the company has an expanding IT solutions division (52% of 2024 revenue) that addresses the airline, airport, rail, hotel, and travel agency markets. Transaction fees, which are tied to volume and not price, account for the bulk of consolidated sales and profits.

Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co Ltd is engaged in providing Internet financial information services and online financial software. The company's business includes an online market trading system, mobile financial information service, fund sales, financial big data processing, and cloud services. It serves individuals, brokers, funds, private placements, banks, insurance, government, and research Institutional clients.

Verisk is a leading data, analytics, and technology provider for property-casualty insurers. Verisk traces its history to Insurance Services Office, a nonprofit advisory organization founded in 1971 by US P&C insurers. ISO was formed as an association of insurance companies to assist with a variety of insurance use cases, such as reporting to regulators, defining policies, and determining independent premium rates. As the firm expanded its use cases, it became a for-profit company, renamed Verisk, and went public in 2009. Verisk’s single segment (insurance) provides underwriting solutions, including forms, rules, loss costs, and catastrophe modeling. For claims, Verisk’s solutions include property repair estimates and antifraud tools. About 83% of Verisk’s revenue is US-based.

Liberty Media Corp along with its subsidiaries is engaged in the media and entertainment industries in North America and the United Kingdom. The company owns interests in a high-quality portfolio of assets across the media, entertainment and sports industries. The company derives its maximum revenue from United Kingdom.

Aristocrat Leisure is an electronic gaming machine manufacturer that sells machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in all Australian states and territories, North American jurisdictions, and essentially every major country. Aristocrat is one of the top three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Light & Wonder. Through acquisitions of Plarium and more recently Big Fish, Aristocrat now derives a significant proportion of earnings from the faster growing mobile gaming business.

Fidelity National Information Services provides core processing and ancillary services to banks, but its business has expanded over time. By acquiring SunGard in 2015, the company now provides record-keeping and other services to investment firms. With the acquisition of Worldpay in 2019, FIS was providing payment processing services for merchants and holding leading positions in the United States and United Kingdom. But the company sold off a majority interest in Worldpay and now has only a minority stake.

Snap-on is a manufacturer of premium tools, equipment, and diagnostics for professional technicians, primarily involved in the repair of passenger cars but having expanded into other industrial applications. The company’s legacy business is selling hand tools through franchisee-operated mobile vans to technicians who purchase the tools at their own expense. The company also operates a commercial and industrial business that is focused on repair facilities serving other industries. The third segment, repair systems and information, targets auto OEMs and large dealerships more directly and also offers substantial diagnostic solutions to aid repairs. The company’s finance arm provides financing to franchisees to run their operations, as well as underwriting end customer purchases.

Broadridge Financial Solutions, which was spun off from Automatic Data Processing in 2007, is a leading provider of investor communication and technology-driven solutions to banks, broker/dealers, traditional and alternative-asset managers, wealth managers, and corporate issuers. Broadridge is composed of two operating segments: investor communication solutions and global technology and operations.

PTC is a US-based global company that offers high-end computer-assisted design, product lifecycle management, and augmented reality solutions that industrial manufacturers commonly use on factory floors. Founded in 1985, PTC is a major player in parametric design and serves some of the world’s most well-known equipment manufacturers, such as Caterpillar, Garmin, and Thermo Fisher.

SS&C Technologies provides software products and software-enabled services to a variety of customers primarily in financial services. Acquisitions are a large part of SS&C's history. SS&C GlobeOp provides fund administration services to alternative and traditional asset managers. In addition, SS&C provides portfolio accounting, portfolio management, trading, banking/lending, and other software to asset managers, banks, and financial advisors. SS&C’s purchase of Intralinks makes it a leading player in virtual deal room solutions. With its 2018 purchase of DST Systems, SS&C gained a foothold in the healthcare industry with pharmacy health management solutions and medical claim administration services. In 2022, SS&C acquired robotic process automation software firm Blue Prism.

Toast Inc is a cloud-based, all-in-one digital technology platform purpose-built for the restaurant community. The company provides a comprehensive platform of software-as-a-service (SaaS) products and financial technology solutions, including integrated payment processing, restaurant-grade hardware, and a broad ecosystem of third-party partners. It serves as a restaurant operating system, connecting front of house and back of house operations across service models such as dine-in, takeout, and delivery. It operates through one reportable segment consisting of its SaaS products, financial technology solutions, integrated payments, hardware, and partner ecosystem.

Founded in Australia in 1978, Computershare has grown via acquisitions to become the world's leading provider of issuer services. Employee share plans and communications services are commonly sold together with issuer services to corporations. The company also has a business services offering and a corporate trust business, alongside a small mortgage administration business that's due to be divested. Over the medium term, around half of group EBITDA is expected to be generated from interest income on client cash balances, or margin income, which is exposed to interest-rate movements.

Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd provides customers with high-performance medical imaging equipment, radiotherapy products, life science instruments, and medical digitalization and intelligent solutions. The company’s products include MRI systems, CT scanners, X-ray imaging equipment, molecular imaging systems, radiotherapy linear accelerators, and life science instruments.

CoStar Group is a leading provider of commercial real estate data and marketplace listing platforms. Its data offering contains in-depth analytical information on over 5 million commercial real estate properties related to various subsectors spanning office, retail, hotels, multifamily, healthcare, industrial, self-storage, and data centers. It operates many well-respected brands such as CoStar Suite, LoopNet, Apartments.com, BizBuySell, and Lands of America, with more than 80% of its revenue classified as subscription-based. The company recently expanded its presence into Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, and France.

Tyler Technologies provides a full suite of software solutions and services that address the needs of cities, counties, schools, courts and other local government entities. The company’s three core products are Munis, which is the core ERP system, Odyssey, which is the court management system, or CMS, and payments. The company also provides a variety of add-on modules and offers outsourced property tax assessment services.

Pro Medicus is a healthcare IT company specializing in radiology imaging software. Its main product, Visage 7, is a clinical desktop application that radiologists use to view, enhance, and manipulate images from any device and make a diagnosis. Its main customers are US private academic hospitals. In fiscal 2025, Pro Medicus earned 90% of revenue in North America, 8% from Australia, and the remaining 2% in Europe.

Indra Sistemas SA is a Spain-based provider of information technology offerings for finance, insurance, public administration, airports, defense, healthcare, media, telecom, security, energy, and infrastructure end markets. Its product capabilities include analytics, cloud computing, enterprise resource planning, networks and communications, electoral processes, bus technology, subway technology, and sustainability solutions. The firm generates revenue in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific.

Docusign offers Agreement Cloud, a broad cloud-based software suite that enables users to automate the agreement process and provide legally binding e-signatures from nearly any device. The company was founded in 2003 and completed its initial public offering in 2018.

JD Logistics, owned by leading China e-commerce company JD.com, is a technology-driven supply chain solutions and logistics services provider in China. It offers a full spectrum of supply chain solutions and logistics services, ranging from warehousing to distribution, spanning manufacturing to end customers, covering regular and specialized items. JDL services include formulating and executing supply chain strategies. Customers come from a wide array of industries, such as fast-moving consumer goods; apparel; home appliances; home furniture; computers, consumer electronics, and communications; automotive; and fresh produce, among others.

Icon is a global late-stage contract research organization that provides drug development and clinical trial services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical-device firms. While the vast majority of its revenue comes from clinical research, Icon also offers ancillary services such as laboratory and imaging capabilities. The company is headquartered in Ireland.

Bentley Systems is a software vendor that caters to civil engineers, constructors, and geospatial professionals by enabling design, simulation, and data management of infrastructure assets such as roads and bridges. While Bentley is smaller than many other design software companies, it is a market leader across a handful of specialty areas, including public works, electricity grids, and transit.

WiseTech is a founder-led, global leader in logistics software for international freight forwarding. WiseTech’s core product, CargoWise, is used by the majority of the top 25 global freight forwarders and has world-leading annual customer retention rates of over 99%. CargoWise’s main competition consists of inhouse software solutions and analogue processes, providing a large and highly winnable market opportunity for WiseTech’s current and future products.

Ryder System Inc operates in three business segments: (1) Fleet Management Solutions which provides full-service leasing and leasing with flexible maintenance options, commercial rental and maintenance services of trucks, tractors and trailers to customers; (2) Supply Chain Solutions (SCS), which provides integrated logistics solutions, including distribution management, dedicated transportation, transportation management, brokerage, e-commerce, last mile, and professional services; and (3) Dedicated Transportation Solutions (DTS), which provides turnkey transportation solutions in the U.S., including dedicated vehicles, professional drivers, management, and administrative support.

Full Truck Alliance Co Ltd, through its subsidiaries, provides comprehensive services for shippers and truckers through its mobile and website platforms. Its principal operations are in the People's Republic of China. The group derives its revenues principally from shippers and trucker's use of its platforms in connection with freight matching services and value-added services.

Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co Ltd is in the R&D, design, manufacturing, and sales of rail transit equipment products and the provision of related services, and has an industrial structure of components, systems, and complete machines. Its products mainly include rail transit electrical equipment, railway engineering machinery, communication signal systems, and others. Meanwhile, the Company actively expands to industries other than rail transit, and conducts business in the fields of power semiconductor devices, industrial converter products, electric drive systems for new energy vehicles, sensor devices, and marine equipment, The Company operates in the domestic market and overseas markets.

FactSet provides financial data and portfolio analytics to the global investment community. The company aggregates data from third-party data suppliers, news sources, exchanges, brokerages, and contributors into its workstations. In addition, it provides essential portfolio analytics that companies use to monitor portfolios and address reporting requirements. Buy-side clients (including wealth and corporate clients) account for over 80% of FactSet's annual subscription value. In 2015, the company acquired Portware, a provider of trade execution software. In 2017, it acquired BISAM, a risk management and performance measurement provider. In 2022, it completed its purchase of CUSIP Global Services.

Beijing Compass Technology Development Co Ltd is the provider of professional financial data analysis and securities investment advisory services. The company is a securities analysis software developer and securities information service provider in China.

Procore Technologies Inc is a cloud-based construction management software company. It generates revenue through subscriptions for access to its software products. The company's products include Design Coordination, BIM, Field Productivity, Project Financials, Invoice Management, Portfolio Financials, Capital Planning, Accounting Integrations, and Analytics. The software products are hosted on its cloud-based SaaS construction management platform. Subscriptions are sold for a fixed fee and revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription.

Endeavor Group Holdings Inc is an entertainment and sports company. The company owns and operates sports and entertainment properties, including UFC and WWE through its majority ownership of TKO, produces and distributes sports and entertainment content, owns and manages exclusive live events and experiences, and represents top sports, entertainment, and fashion talent, as well as blue chip corporate clients. Its reportable segments are Owned Sports Properties, Events, Experiences & Rights, and Representation. Maximum revenue is generated from its Owned Sports Properties segment, which is comprised of a portfolio of sports and entertainment properties, including UFC, WWE, PBR, and Euroleague. Geographically, it derives key revenue from the United States.

Technology One is a technology company providing enterprise resource planning software, primarily to governments, education institutions, and healthcare organizations in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Over the past three decades, Technology One has successfully carved out its niche, boasting dominant market shares in some of its key verticals, world-leading annual customer retention rates of over 99%, and a consistently growing number of products used per customer.

Shanghai Baosight Software Co Ltd is a Chinese software company that develops automation and software tools for various industries. The company operates through three segments: the Software Development and Engineering Services segment, the System Integration segment, and the Service Outsourcing segment. Its operations span across areas such as information technology, industrial automation, robotics, intelligent transportation, and information infrastructure. The company’s offerings are mainly applied in sectors including steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, mining, new materials, renewable energy, metalworking, equipment manufacturing, urban transit systems, and infrastructure development.

Clearwater Analytics describes its mission as aiming to be the world’s most trusted and comprehensive technology platform for the entire investment cycle. Clearwater has historically focused on back-office functions such as investment accounting, but with acquisitions such Enfusion, Beacon, and Bistro, the firm has broadened its focus with front-office and middle-office capabilities. Clearwater primarily serves insurance companies, asset managers, hedge funds, and corporate treasuries. Pro forma for Enfusion, about 76% of Clearwater’s revenue is generated in the US.

ServiceTitan Inc is an end-to-end technology platform built for contractors to transform the performance of their businesses. The Company’s platform provides business owners, technicians, customer service representatives and other key office staff with technology tools designed to help customers grow revenue, drive operational efficiencies, deliver a superior end-customer experience and monitor key business drivers in real-time. The Company also has subsidiaries in Yerevan, Armenia and British Columbia, Canada that primarily serve as research and development and support centers.

Morningstar Inc is a provider of independent investment insights to financial advisers, asset managers, and investors. It provides data and research insights on various investment offerings, including managed investment products, publicly listed companies, private capital markets, debt securities, and real-time market data. The company has five reportable segments: Morningstar Direct Platform, PitchBook, Morningstar Credit, Morningstar Wealth, and Morningstar Retirement. Maximum revenue is derived from the Morningstar Direct Platform, which provides investors with comprehensive data, research, insights, and investment analysis through product areas such as Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, and Morningstar Advisor Workstation. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from the USA.