Optim Valuation Multiples

Palantir is an artificial intelligence, analytics, and automated decision-making company that leverages data to drive efficiency across its clients' organizations. The firm serves commercial and government clients via its Foundry and Gotham platforms, respectively. Palantir works only with entities in Western-allied nations and reserves the right not to work with anyone that is antithetical to Western values. The company was founded in 2003 and went public in 2020.

ServiceNow Inc provides software solutions to structure and automate various business processes via a SaaS delivery model. The company primarily focuses on the IT function for enterprise customers. ServiceNow began with IT service management, expanded within the IT function, and more recently directed its workflow automation logic to functional areas beyond IT, notably customer service, HR service delivery, and security operations. ServiceNow also offers an application development platform as a service.

Datadog is a New York-based software company founded in 2010 by Olivier Pomel and Alexis Lê-Quôc. Its cloud platform combines infrastructure monitoring, application-performance monitoring, log management, digital-experience monitoring and cloud-security products in one environment. Development, operations and security teams use the platform to collect telemetry, investigate incidents, monitor service dependencies and protect cloud applications. Datadog delivers the products as software as a service and generates revenue primarily from subscriptions whose value varies with customers' usage of hosts, data and other monitored resources. The company serves organisations through both self-service adoption and enterprise sales, allowing customers to add modules as their deployments expand. Datadog is publicly traded on Nasdaq under the symbol DDOG. Its 2022 acquisition of Hdiv added runtime vulnerability detection and interactive application-security testing capabilities to the broader cloud-security offering.

Strategy Inc is a bitcoin treasury company and a provider of business intelligence services. It is designed to provide investors varying degrees of economic exposure to Bitcoin by offering a range of securities, including equity and fixed-income instruments. The company also provides industry AI-powered enterprise analytics software. It has one reportable operating segment: the Software Business, which is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the company's enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting, and education). Geographically, the company operates in EMEA, U.S. and Other Regions, of which maximum revenue is derived from U.S..

RELX is a global provider of information-based analytics and decision tools for professional and business customers in various industries. The company serves sectors such as science and medical research, risk management, and legal. In addition, RELX organizes large-scale digital and face-to-face events such as industry trade shows. Around 60% of revenue is generated in North America and about 20% in Europe.

Verisk is a leading data, analytics, and technology provider for property-casualty insurers. Verisk traces its history to Insurance Services Office, a nonprofit advisory organization founded in 1971 by US P&C insurers. ISO was formed as an association of insurance companies to assist with a variety of insurance use cases, such as reporting to regulators, defining policies, and determining independent premium rates. As the firm expanded its use cases, it became a for-profit company, renamed Verisk, and went public in 2009.Verisk’s single segment (insurance) provides underwriting solutions, including forms, rules, loss costs, and catastrophe modeling. For claims, Verisk’s solutions include property repair estimates and antifraud tools. About 83% of Verisk’s revenue is US-based.

Dynatrace is a software-as-a-service company that enables customers to monitor and analyze their information technology infrastructure, from servers to applications and Python scripts. Dynatrace’s unified platform can ingest and analyze large amounts of machine-generated data in real time, allowing clients to optimize their business for service-level objectives and ensure uptime.

Wolters Kluwer is a global provider of professional information, software solutions, and services in health; tax and accounting; environmental, social, and governance; finance; compliance; and legal. More than 60% of revenue is generated in North America and around 30% is from Europe.

Founded in 1956, Fair Isaac Corporation is a leading applied analytics company. Fair Isaac is primarily known for its FICO credit scores, which is a widely used industry benchmark to determine the creditworthiness of an individual consumer. The firm’s US-centric credit scores business accounts for most of the firm’s revenue and profits and consists of business-to-business and business-to-consumer services. In addition to scores, Fair Isaac also sells software primarily to financial institutions for areas such as analytics, decision-making, customer workflows, and fraud.

Elastic is a software company that specializes in AI-search, observability, and security deployments. Its search division offers both traditional keyword search and vector search methods to enable more context-aware querying. The software has open-source origins but generates revenue through valuable add-ons, including simplified data orchestration and server scaling techniques.

SenseTime Group Inc is a software company focused on creating an AI-empowered future through innovation. The company develops software & hardware products for different industry verticals and use cases based on the same AI infrastructure platform & model training framework. The principal activities of the Group are the sale of AI software, the sale of AI software platforms & related services, the sale of AI software-embedded hardware and related services, AIDC service as well as research and development activities with AI technology. The Company is domiciled in the Cayman Islands while the Group mainly operates its businesses in four geographical areas of the world Mainland China, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and others, out of which the majority is from Mainland China.

Octave Intelligence PLC provides a suite of software solutions that help organizations design, build, operate, and protect their physical assets, people, and critical infrastructure. The company operates in a single business segment developing enterprise software used in design, construction, operations, and security. Geographically, it operates in Americas that includes the United States, and Other Americas (Canada, and Latin America); EMIA that includes Europe, Middle East, India, and Africa; and APAC that includes the Asia-Pacific region, excluding India. The company derives maximum revenue from Americas. Its products include: Octave Coda Spatial, Octave Alto Twin, Octave Coda, Octave Oncall, Octave Alto, Octave Imagine, Octave Oncall Dispatch, Octave Alto Lightspeed, and Others.

Presight AI Holding PLC provides digital transformation services through big data analytics powered by artificial intelligence. It combines analytics, big data and AI expertise to serve every sector of every scale, to create business and societal value. The group’s world-class omni-analytics platform, TAQ, leverages big data and analytics to deliver cutting-edge Al technology, enabling forecasting and the anticipation of outcomes to support insight-driven, decision making that shapes policy and delivers societal impact.

Sportradar is a Swiss sports technology company headquartered in St. Gallen that supplies sports data, content and related services to bookmakers, media companies and sports organizations. Through its Betradar brand it provides bookmakers with sports data, odds suggestions, managed trading services and streaming, and it also sells integrity services that monitor betting markets for match-fixing, audiovisual distribution, OTT streaming and digital advertising services. Its partners include the NFL, NBA, NHL, NASCAR and the International Tennis Federation, and its customers include hundreds of bookmakers and state lotteries such as Veikkaus, Svenska Spel and Norsk Tipping. It earns subscription and revenue-share income, and reported revenue of 1.29 billion euros and net income of 100 million euros for 2025, with about 3,900 employees in 29 offices across 20 countries. The business began in 2001 in Trondheim, Norway, as Market Monitor AS, founded by Petter Fornæss and Tore Steinkjer to extract betting odds from online bookmakers, with Carsten Koerl, now group chief executive, buying 51%. EQT invested in 2012, and Michael Jordan and Mark Cuban came in through a Revolution-led investment in 2015. Sportradar listed on Nasdaq (SRAD) on 14 September 2021 at a valuation of about $8 billion.

Geovis Technology Co Ltd is engaged in provision of digital earth products and technology development services. The technology of remote sensing, geographic information system, satellite positioning and navigation, virtual reality, and other independent research and development of the company digital earth products have a position in the domestic digital earth industry. The company provides software sales and data services, technology development services, digital earth integrated machines and system integration with GEOVIS digital earth products as the core for users in the government, enterprises and special fields.

Teradata Corp focused on helping organizations improve business performance, enrich customer experiences, and integrate data across the enterprise. The company's platform provides companies with Harmonized Data: Trusted AI: Teradata VantageCloud: Teradata VantageCore: ClearScape Analytics: and Query Grid. The company generates majority of revenue from the United States.

Shanghai DZH Ltd operates as an Internet financial information service provider in China. It offers professional financial data and data analysis services. It also provides non-investment consulting and agency-specific software products. In addition, the company offers financial information integrated services internationally.

Innodata Inc is a data engineering company. It is helping companies deploy and integrate AI into their operations and products and providing AI-enabled industry platforms. The Company’s operations are classified in three reporting segments: Digital Data Solutions (DDS), Synodex and Agility. Key revenue is generated from DDS segment provides AI data preparation services, collecting or creating training data, annotating training data, and training AI algorithms for its customers, and AI model deployment and integration. It also provides a range of data engineering support services including data transformation, data curation, data hygiene, data consolidation, data extraction, data compliance, and master data management.

DoubleVerify Holdings Inc is a digital media measurement and analytics software platform. Its solutions provide advertisers with unbiased data analytics that enable them to increase the effectiveness, quality, and return on their digital advertising investments. Its DV Authentic Ad, a proprietary metric of digital media quality, measures whether a digital ad was delivered in a brand-suitable environment, fully viewable, by a real person, and in the intended geography. The company's software interface, DV Pinnacle, delivers these metrics to customers in real time, allowing them to access critical performance data on their digital transactions. Geographically, the company operates in the United States and also has a presence in Germany, Singapore, France, Canada, Japan, and other countries.

Amplitude Inc is a Software company that provides a Digital Analytics Platform that helps companies analyze their customer behavior within digital products. The Company delivers its application over the Internet as a subscription service using a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model and also it offers customer support related to initial implementation setup, ongoing support services, and application training. The company generates revenue primarily through selling subscriptions to the platform. The company derives a majority of its revenue from the United States.

Business-intelligence of Oriental Nations Corp Ltd is a China-based big data technology company. It has created a big data core for big data collection, aggregation, processing, storage, analysis, mining, application, and management. The products and services of the company include Big data product, Big data operation, and System integration and operation and maintenance.

Karooooo Ltd is a provider of real-time mobility data analytics solutions for smart transportation. It offers a comprehensive, cloud-based smart mobility platform for connected vehicles and other assets. The company's software-as-a-service platform provides customers with differentiated insights and analytics to optimize business and workforce, increase efficiency and decrease costs, improve safety, monitor environmental impact, assist with regularity compliance, and manage risk. The segments of the group are Cartrack; Carzuka; and Karooooo Logistics, of which key revenue is derived from the Cartrack segment.

Planisware SA is a business-to-business provider of software-as-a-service (SaaS) in the rapidly growing market for project management solutions. It provides solutions to help organizations transform how companies strategize, plan and deliver their projects, project portfolios, programs and products. Planiswares solutions target organizations with medium to hugely sophisticated project operations and cover needs relating to strategic planning, project portfolio optimization, budget and cost management, capacity planning, resource management, project scheduling, risk management and collaboration. It has two software solutions: Planisware Enterprise and Planisware Orchestra.

Red Violet Inc is a software and services company. It specializes in data analysis, providing cloud-based, mission-critical information solutions to enterprises in a variety of industries. Through its CORE data fusion platform, it provides mission-critical information about individuals, businesses and assets.

Clarivate is a data, information, and software workflow solutions company serving customers primarily in academia, government, law, life sciences, and healthcare. The company was formerly part of Thomson Reuters before being sold to private equity as an independent company in 2016. In 2019, Clarivate went public on the New York Stock Exchange. Around half of the company’s revenue is generated in the Americas, while Europe, Middle East, and Africa account for around a quarter.

Beijing Join-Cheer Software Co Ltd is a management software provider that focuses on providing big data integrated services. The solutions provided by the company include government management and services, long time big data, long time report, and longtime DNA.

Similarweb Ltd provides digital data and analytics that power critical business decisions. The group recognizes revenue from subscriptions to the platform and other subscription products on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract subscription period beginning on the date access to the platform is granted, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. It has geographic presence in Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Other. The group generates the majority of its revenue from the United States.

WingArc1st Inc offers software and services that enable customers to effectively use and obtain strategic insights from their data. The company's core products are SVF (Enterprise Output Management), Dr.Sum/ MotionBoard (Business Intelligence) and VyNDEX (CRM).

Cognyte Software Ltd provides security analytics software that empowers governments and enterprises with Actionable Intelligence. Its interface software is designed to help customers accelerate and improve the effectiveness of investigations and decision-making.

Plus Alpha Consulting Co Ltd is engaged in providing cloud services for data analysis platform.

Latent View Analytics Ltd provides analytics services such as data and analytics consulting, business analytics and insights, predictive analytics, data engineering, and digital solutions. The company provides services to blue-chip companies in Technology, BFSI, CPG & Retail, Industrials, and other industry domains.

Happiest Minds Technologies Ltd is an information technology (IT) company intended to deliver seamless customer experiences, business efficiency, and actionable insights to users. The company leverages a spectrum of disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud, digital process automation, internet of things, robotics/drones, security, virtual/augmented reality, and more, enabling users in industry sectors like automotive, banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI), consumer packaged goods, e-commerce, edutech, engineering research and development (R&D), hi-tech, manufacturing, retail, and travel/transportation/hospitality to undergo digital transformation. Geographically, the company generates its key revenue from the United States of America.

Claritev Corp is a healthcare technology, data, and insights company focused on improving transparency, affordability, and quality. The company provides tech-enabled solutions and services to interpret clients' needs and customize solutions that combine its payment integrity, network-based, and analytics-based services. The Company's focus is being a value-added provider of data analytics and technology-enabled end-to-end cost management, payment, and revenue integrity solutions to the U.S. healthcare industry.

Shanghai Wondertek Software Corp Ltd engages in the software research and services. Its business is categorized in multimedia software and mobile internet services, and business intelligence software applications and services. Its products include wonder runtime platform, operating a management system, media assets management, streaming transcoding process, and data marketing analysis.

Spire Global Inc is a provider of space-based data, analytics, and Space Services, offering datasets and powerful insights about Earth from the ultimate vantage point of space so that organizations can make decisions with confidence, accuracy, and speed. It generates revenue from four solutions: Maritime, Aviation, Weather, and Space Services. It offers the following three data solutions to customers; Maritime-precise space-based data used for accurate ship monitoring, ship safety, and route optimization, Aviation-precise space-based data used for accurate aircraft monitoring, aircraft safety, and route optimization, and Weather-precise space-based data used for accurate weather forecasting.

Vista Group International Ltd provides software and technology solutions across the global film industry sectors of distribution, exhibition, and the end consumer, moviegoers. The principal activity is the sale, support, and associated development of software for the film industry. The company operates in the vertical cinema/film market in the following reportable segments namely the Cinema segment and Film segment. The company has offices in New Zealand, with additional offices located in Sydney, Cape Town, London, Amsterdam, Beijing, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, and Mexico City.

HCR Co Ltd is a data intelligence solution provider. The company has built an data intelligence system of which the functions include data integration, data insight and data implementation to provide one-stop solution to customer, combined with the accumulated knowledge and means of market research, as well as the artificial intelligence technology.

Stockholm Nordtech Group AB develops and acquires small and medium sized companies that provide mission-critical B2B software solutions in resilient niche markets. Its portfolio includes software businesses serving a range of industries across the Business Platforms, Operational Solutions, and Public Infrastructure segments. The majority of revenue is derived from the Operational solutions segment. The company's software products are used in customer operations and include recurring-revenue business models. The company also supports the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies across its portfolio companies. Its operating model combines ownership oversight with decentralized operations, allowing portfolio companies to manage their day-to-day activities independently.

AnyMind Group is a digital-marketing company founded in 2016 and based in Japan. Brand Commerce: Development and provision of a platform that provides one-stop support for brand design and planning, production, e-commerce enablement, marketing, and logistics. Partner Growth: Platforms for website and mobile application publishers and content creators to monetize and grow their brands. The company serves business and institutional customers through products and services in the digital-marketing market. Its commercial model is built primarily on advertising and recurring software subscriptions, reflecting the way customers obtain and use its offering. JIC Venture Growth Investments classifies the business in its IPO portfolio and records July 2022 for the company. The company maintains its operating website at anymindgroup.com, while JIC VGI's portfolio materials preserve the public record of the investment relationship.

dotDigital Group PLC is a software-as-a-service technology company, offering cross-channel marketing automation technology to marketing professionals. Its customer experience and data platform (CXDP) combines automation and AI to help businesses deliver hyper-relevant customer experiences at scale. The platform also allows Dotdigital's customers to automate personalised marketing experiences across web, email, SMS, WhatsApp, chat, push, social, ads, and other media. The group's operating segments are EMEA (its key revenue-generating market), the U.S., and the Asia Pacific (APAC) region.

Datawalk SA is a high-tech company, develops DataWalk analytical platform which allows combining large data volumes in dispersed sets. The DataWalk platform is used in the financial and insurance sector, among others for detecting frauds, counteracting money laundering or analyzing and monitoring business processes.

Appen Ltd is engaged in the provision of quality data solutions and services for machine learning and artificial intelligence applications for technology companies, auto manufacturers, government agencies among others. The company's business segments are Appen Global and Appen China. It generates maximum revenue from the Appen Global segment which represents all operations outside of the China Group. The Appen China segment represents the China Group operations and includes Japan and Korea. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States of America, and has its presence in China, Australia and Others.

Coocon Corp is a business data platform that collects and connects data using its advanced technology. Its main products include Personal Data APIs, Corporate Management APIs, Payment APIs, and Global APIs, among others.

User Local Inc is engaged in the research and development of big data analysis system, web marketing support tool, offering media analysis tool, and managing artificial intelligence chat bot.

Domo Inc provides a cloud-based platform that digitally connects all the data, systems, and people in an organization, giving them access to real-time data and insights and allowing them to manage their business from their smartphones. The company offers a platform to its customers as a subscription-based service. Users receive notifications on any device and immediately act on the invitation, after which the system can write back to the original system of record. The company derives revenue from subscriptions to its cloud-based platform and professional services.

Saltlux Inc is engaged in the business of machine learning and natural language processing. The solutions provided are customer voice analysis, opinion mining, social network analysis, intelligent audit, and other services.

Konan Technology Inc provides the smartest search/analysis/recommendation software and data service based on language and multimedia analysis technology. The company's base technology is grouped into Text AI and Vision AI , and have a lineup of eight products. Text AI consists of Conan Search, Conan Analytics, Pulse Key, Conan Chatbot/ Conan Chatbot+, and Conan LLM, while Vision AI consists of Conan Watcher, Conan Voice, and Conan Listener.

Research Solutions Inc is a holding company. The company provides vertical software-as-a-service ("SaaS") and artificial intelligence ("AI") solutions, providing software and related services to help research-intensive organizations simplify the research process, save time, and money. The company operates in a single segment, which derives its revenue from subscription fees from its cloud-based SaaS Platforms and transactional service fees for the electronic delivery of single articles. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Transactions. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue from the United States, followed by Europe.