Infortar Valuation Multiples

Saudi Aramco is the national oil company of Saudi Arabia and holds the exclusive right to explore for, produce, and refine the country’s hydrocarbons. It is the largest oil and gas producer in the world with a production volume of 12.4 mmboe/d in 2024, including 10.8 mmboe/d of liquids. Its 4.1 mmb/d in net refining capacity makes it the world’s fourth-largest refiner. It also owns 57.6 million metric tons of chemical manufacturing capacity, placing it among the top five global chemical companies.

ExxonMobil is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil worldwide. In 2025, it produced 3.3 million barrels of liquids and 8.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2024, reserves were 19.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 69% of which were liquids. The company is one of the world's largest refiners, with a total global refining capacity of 4.3 million barrels of oil per day, and is one of the world's largest manufacturers of commodity and specialty chemicals.

Chevron is an integrated energy company with exploration, production, and refining operations worldwide. It is the second-largest oil company in the United States with production of 3.0 million of barrels of oil equivalent a day, including 7.7 million cubic feet a day of natural gas and 1.7 million of barrels of liquids a day. Production activities take place in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Its refineries are in the US and Asia for total refining capacity of 1.8 million barrels of oil a day. Proven reserves at year-end 2024 stood at 9.8 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 5.1 billion barrels of liquids and 28.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

PetroChina, the national champion that inherited the majority of Chinese onshore oil and gas assets, has developed into an international supermajor. In 2024, it produced more than 1.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil and gas, and processed 1.4 billion barrels of crude oil. It also has more than 22,000 service stations. The fluctuations in the prices of crude oil, refined products, chemical products, and natural gas have a significant impact on PetroChina’s revenue. State-owned China National Petroleum Corp is PetroChina’s controlling shareholder with a stake of more than 82%.

Shell is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2024, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 7.7 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At year-end 2024, reserves stood at 9.6 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 48% of which consisted of liquids. Its production and reserves are in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and North and South America. The company operates refineries with a capacity of 1.6 mmb/d located in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, and sells about 12 million tons per year of chemicals. Its largest chemical plants, often integrated with its local refineries, are in Central Europe, China, Singapore, and North America.

TotalEnergies is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2024, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 5.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2024, reserves stood at 11.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 54% of which are liquids. During 2024, it had LNG sales of 39.8 million metric tons. The company owns interests in refineries with a capacity of nearly 1.8 million barrels a day, primarily in Europe, distributes refined products in 65 countries, and manufactures commodity and specialty chemicals. At year-end, its gross installed renewable power generation capacity was 26 gigawatts.

NextEra Energy's regulated utility, Florida Power & Light, is the largest rate-regulated utility in Florida. The utility distributes power to over 6 million customer accounts in Florida and owns 36 gigawatts of generation. FP&L contributes roughly 70% of NextEra's consolidated operating earnings. NextEra Energy Resources, the renewable energy segment, generates and sells power throughout the United States and Canada with nearly 40 GW of generation capacity, including natural gas, nuclear, wind, and solar.

CNOOC is China's main offshore oil and gas exploration and production company. Through its parent company, it has exclusive rights to partner with foreign companies in offshore China projects. Net production for 2024 reached 726.8 million barrels of oil equivalent (78.0% oil), and year-end proven reserves were 7.27 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Assets outside China make up around 32.2% of production.

Iberdrola is one of the largest utilities in the world with electric utility operations in nearly 40 countries. The company has a 57-gigawatt portfolio of hydro, wind, natural gas, and nuclear power plants. It is one of the largest owners of wind farms in the world, representing about 40% of its portfolio. Although the company has recently developed or acquired distribution and power generation assets in other geographic areas, Spain is still home to more than half of its power generation capacity. Iberdrola also owns and operates electricity and distribution networks in Spain, the UK, Brazil, and the US.

Welltower owns a diversified healthcare portfolio of 2,900 in-place properties spread across the senior housing, medical office, and skilled nursing/postacute care sectors. The portfolio includes over 900 properties in Canada and the United Kingdom as the company looks for additional investment opportunities in countries with mature healthcare systems that operate similarly to that of the United States.

ConocoPhillips is a US-based independent exploration and production firm. Its operations are primarily in Alaska and the Lower 48, with footprints in Canada, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. It also has substantial integrated LNG production and marketing activities across geographies.

China Shenhua Energy Co Ltd is a globally integrated coal-based energy company, mainly engaging in business segments: Coal, Power generation, Shipping, railway, port, and Coal chemical. Focusing on its core coal mining operation, China Shenhua leverages its self-developed transportation and sales network as well as downstream power plants, coal-to-chemicals facilities, and new energy projects to achieve cross-sector and cross-industry integrated development and operation.

Prologis was formed by the 2011 merger of AMB Property and Prologis Trust. The company develops, acquires, and operates around 1.3 billion square feet of high-quality industrial and logistics facilities across the globe. The company also has a strategic capital business segment that has around $60 billion of third-party assets under management. The company is organized into four global divisions (Americas, Europe, Asia, and other Americas) and operates as a real estate investment trust.

Petrobras is a Brazil-based integrated energy company controlled by the Brazilian government. The company focuses on exploration and production of oil and gas in Brazilian offshore fields. Production in 2024 was 2.7 million barrels of oil equivalent a day (80% oil production), and reserves stood at 11.4 billion boe (85% oil). At end-2024, Petrobras operated 10 refineries in Brazil with capacity of 1.8 million barrels a day and distributes refined products and natural gas throughout Brazil.

BP is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2024, it produced 1.2 million barrels of liquids and 6.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2024, reserves stood at 6.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 59% of which are liquids. The company operates refineries with a capacity of 1.6 million barrels of oil per day.

Enel is a diversified energy company domiciled in Italy. Operations are concentrated in Italy, Spain, and Latin America. The firm's primary activities are electric generation, electric networks, and gas and electricity marketing. Around 35% of the company's EBITDA is derived from its regulated networks, the rest is from generation and supply. Enel is a giant in global power generation with 81 gigawatts of capacity, of which 56 GW is renewables, including a large share of hydro.

Equinix is one of the leading providers of cloud- and carrier-neutral data centers, offering colocation and interconnection services to hyperscalers and businesses. Equinix operates 270 properties in 77 metropolitan areas across 36 countries, serving over 10,000 customers. About 70% of Equinix’s revenue comes from renting physical space, which allows hyperscalers and other clients to store servers, data storage, and networking equipment. The other 30% of revenue is generated primarily through interconnection services (20%) and other managed services (10%).

Constellation Energy Corp producer of carbon-free energy and a supplier of energy products and services. The company offers generating capacity that includes nuclear, wind, solar, natural gas, and hydroelectric assets. It sells electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, public sector, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. Its operating segments and reporting units are Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, ERCOT, and Other Power Regions.

Canadian Natural Resources is the largest producer of oil and the second-largest producer of natural gas in Canada. It is principally involved in extracting heavy oils, natural gas, and bitumen through its drilling and mining operations. Bitumen from mining operations is upgraded into synthetic crude oil. Commodities produced are primarily exported to the US via pipeline. The company also has smaller offshore production operations in the North Sea and Africa.

Equinor is a Norway-based integrated oil and gas company. It has been publicly listed since 2001, but the government retains a 67% stake. Operating primarily on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the firm produced 2.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2024 (52% liquids) and ended 2024 with 6.1 billion barrels of proven reserves (42% liquids). Operations also include offshore wind, solar, oil refineries and natural gas processing, marketing, and trading.

China Yangtze Power Co Ltd business activities include hydroelectric power generation, power distribution and sales, overseas power station's operation, management, consultation services, investment, and financing. It has also established its power distribution and sales platforms such as Three Gorges Water Conservancy and Peru LuzdelSur. The company owns the power generation assets of four hydropower plants on the mainstream of the Yangtze River, namely Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba.

American Tower owns and operates about 150,000 wireless towers throughout the US, Asia, Latin America, Europe, and Africa. It also owns and/or operates 30 data centers in 11 US markets after acquiring CoreSite. On its towers, the company has a very concentrated customer base, with most revenue in each market generated by the top few mobile carriers. The company operates more than 40,000 towers in the US, which accounted for about half of total revenue in 2024. Outside the US, American Tower operates about 47,000 towers in Latin America (dominated by Brazil), 32,000 towers in Europe, and 27,000 towers in Africa. American Tower operates as a REIT.

Engie is a global energy firm formed by the 2008 merger of Gaz de France and Suez and the acquisition of International Power in 2012. It changed its name to Engie from GDF Suez in 2015. The company operates Europe's largest gas pipeline network in France and a global fleet of conventional and renewable power plants with 67 GW of capacity on a consolidated basis. Engie also operates a diverse suite of other energy businesses.

Eni is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2024, the company produced 0.8 million barrels of liquids and 4.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At end-2024, Eni held reserves of 6.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 46% of which are liquids. The Italian government owns a 30.5% stake in the company. Eni is placing its renewable and low-carbon business in a separate entity called Plenitude, which it will likely list publicly at some point.

Suncor Energy Inc is an integrated energy company. The company's operations include oil sands development, production and upgrading, offshore oil production, petroleum refining in Canada and the U.S., and the company's Petro-Canada retail and wholesale distribution networks. The company is developing petroleum resources while advancing the transition to a low-emissions future through investment in power, and renewable fuels. It also conducts energy trading activities focused principally on the marketing and trading of crude oil, natural gas, byproducts, refined products and power. The company's operating segments include Oil Sands, Exploration & Production, Refining & Marketing (R&M), and Corporate & eliminations. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from Canada.

EOG Resources is an oil and gas producer with acreage in several US shale plays, primarily in the Permian Basin and the Eagle Ford. At the end of 2024, it reported net proven reserves of 4.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Net production averaged roughly 1,062 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2024 at a ratio of 69% oil and natural gas liquids and 31% natural gas.

Marathon Petroleum is an independent refiner with 13 refineries in the mid continent, West Coast, and Gulf Coast of the United States with total throughput capacity of 3.0 million barrels per day. Its Dickinson, North Dakota, facility produces 184 million gallons a year of renewable diesel. Its Martinez, California, facility has the ability to produce 730 million gallons a year of renewable diesel. The firm also owns and operates midstream assets primarily through its listed master limited partnership, MPLX.

Valero Energy is one of the largest independent refiners in the United States. It operates 15 refineries, with a total throughput capacity of 3.2 million barrels a day in the US, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Valero also owns 12 ethanol plants with capacity of 1.6 billion gallons a year and holds a 50% stake in Diamond Green Diesel, which can produce 1.2 billion gallons per year of renewable diesel.

American Electric Power is one of the largest regulated utilities in the United States, providing electricity generation, transmission, and distribution to more than 5 million customers in 11 states. About 39% of AEP's capacity is coal, with the remainder from a mix of natural gas (28%), renewable energy and hydro (23%), nuclear (7%), and demand response (3%). Vertically integrated utilities, transmission and distribution, and generation and marketing support earnings.

Phillips 66 is an independent refiner that owns or holds interest in 10 refineries with a total crude throughput capacity of 1.9 million barrels per day, or mmb/d, at the end of 2025. The midstream segment comprises extensive transportation and NGL processing assets. It includes 70,000 miles of crude oil, refined petroleum product, NGL and natural gas pipeline systems, and a comprehensive set of refined petroleum product, NGL and crude oil terminals, gathering and processing plants and fractionation facilities and various other storage and loading facilities. Its CPChem chemical joint venture operates facilities primarily in the United States and the Middle East and produces olefins and polyolefins.

ADNOC Gas PLC is an integrated gas processing company. The Company is responsible for producing, processing, distributing, and marketing natural gas and its derivatives in the UAE and abroad. The company Gas operates a network of pipelines, processing plants, storage facilities, and export terminals that supply gas to various sectors, including power generation, water desalination, petrochemicals, industries, and households. The Company also exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to regional and international markets.

Abu Dhabi National Energy Co PJSC which is majority-owned by the Abu Dhabi government is a fully integrated energy provider with operations in nine markets around the world. Its segment includes Power and Water Generation segment, Power and Water Transmission and Distribution segment, Oil and Gas segment, Water Solutions Segment. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Power and Water Transmission and Distribution segment, which is engaged in generation of electricity and production of desalinated water for supply in UAE and generation of electricity in Morocco, India, Ghana, and Saudi Arabia. Geographically the company generates the majority of its revenue from UAE.

Digital Realty is one of the leading providers of cloud- and carrier-neutral data centers, offering colocation and interconnection services to hyperscalers and large businesses. Digital Realty operates 300 properties in 57 metropolitan areas across 31 countries, serving 5,000 customers. Renting physical space accounts for about 90% of Digital Realty’s revenue. The firm enables hyperscalers and other clients to store servers, data, and networking equipment. The other 10% of revenue is generated primarily through interconnection services (8%) and other fee income (2%).

Simon Property Group is the largest retail real estate investment trust in the United States. Its portfolio includes an interest in 254 properties: 114 traditional malls, 108 premium outlets, 14 Mills centers (a combination of a traditional mall, outlet center, and big-box retailers), six lifestyle centers, and 12 other retail properties. Simon's portfolio averaged $736 in sales per square foot over the trailing 12 months. The company also owns a 22% interest in Klepierre, a European retail company with investments in shopping centers in 14 countries, and joint-venture interests in 33 premium outlets across 14 countries.

Imperial Oil Ltd is an integrated oil company active in all phases of the petroleum industry in Canada, including the exploration for, and production and sale of, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and petrochemicals. It also pursues lower-emission business opportunities, including carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, lower-emission fuels, and lithium. The company's reportable segments are Upstream, Downstream, and Chemical. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from its Downstream segment, which refines crude oil into petroleum products and distributes and market these products. The Upstream segment explores and produces crude oil, its equivalents, and natural gas, and the Chemical segment manufactures and markets hydrocarbon-based chemicals and chemical products.

Occidental Petroleum is an independent exploration and production company with operations in the United States, Latin America, and the Middle East. At the end of 2024, the company reported net proved reserves of 4.6 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Net production averaged 1.326 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2024 at a ratio of roughly 52% oil and natural gas liquids and 48% natural gas.

Realty Income owns roughly 15,600 properties, most of which are freestanding, single-tenant, triple-net-leased retail properties. Its properties are located in 49 states and Puerto Rico and are leased to 250 tenants from 47 industries. Recent acquisitions have added industrial, gaming, office, manufacturing, and distribution properties, which make up roughly 20% of revenue.

Diamondback is a crude oil and natural gas exploration and production firm whose operations represent a pure-play in the US Permian Basin. The company went public in 2012 and has established itself as a top-tier independent producer through disciplined acquisition and operational excellence. The company's most transformational transaction occurred in September 2024 with the completion of its $26 billion merger with Endeavor Energy Resources, which added around 470,000 net acres and doubled Diamondback's total acreage position. Diamondback boasts an enviable position in the Midland sub-basin, with some of the lowest unit costs among its Permian peers.

Cenovus Energy Inc is a Canadian integrated energy group. The group's upstream operations include oil sands projects in northern Alberta; thermal and conventional crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (NGLs) projects across Western Canada; crude oil production offshore Newfoundland and Labrador; and natural gas and NGLs production offshore China and Indonesia. Its downstream operations include upgrading and refining operations in Canada and the U.S., and commercial fuel operations across Canada. The group's reportable segments are: Oil Sands, Conventional, Offshore, Canadian Refining, U.S Refining, and Corporate and Eliminations. Maximum revenue is generated from its Oil Sands segment. Geographically, the group derives maximum revenue from the U.S., followed by Canada and China.

Devon Energy is an oil and gas producer with acreage in several top US shale plays. While roughly two-thirds of its production comes from the Permian Basin, it also holds a meaningful presence in the Anadarko, Eagle Ford, and Bakken basins. If the merger with Coterra is successful, it will have a foothold in the gas-driven Appalachian Basin, as well. At the end of 2025, Devon reported net proved reserves of 2.4 billion barrels of oil equivalent, up from 2.2 billion in 2024. Net production averaged roughly 840,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025 at a ratio of 73% oil and natural gas liquids and 27% natural gas.

Public Storage is the largest owner of self-storage facilities in the US, with more than 3,300 self-storage facilities in 40 states and approximately 245 million square feet of rentable space. Through equity interests, it also has exposure to the European self-storage market through Shurgard Self Storage. The company also has a merchandise business, a third-party property management business, and an insurance business that offers products to cover losses for the goods in self-storage facilities.

Vistra Corp. is one of the largest power producers and retail energy providers in the USA. It owns 44 gigawatts of generation capacity, including natural gas (27 GW), nuclear (6.5 GW), coal (8.7 GW), and solar and battery storage (1.4 GW). The Cogentrix acquisition will add 5.5 GW of gas generation. Vistra's retail electricity business serves 5 million customers in 20 states, including almost a third of all Texas electricity consumers. Vistra emerged from the Energy Future Holdings bankruptcy as a stand-alone entity in 2016.

Cheniere Energy is a liquified natural gas, or LNG, producer with two facilities in Corpus Christi, Texas and Sabine Pass, Louisiana. It generates most of its revenue through long-term contracts with customers on a fixed and variable fee payout structure. It also generates revenue by selling uncontracted LNG to customers on a short or one-time basis. A subsidiary, Cheniere Energy Partners, owns the Sabine Pass facility and trades as a master limited partnership.

HD Hyundai Heavy Industries is engaged in shipbuilding and heavy-industry manufacturing. The company operates through four segments: Engine Machinery, Offshore Plant, Shipbuilding, and Others. The Engine Machinery segment produces marine engines, diesel power systems, pumps, and fluid machinery. The Offshore Plant segment handles the construction and installation of offshore structures, floating production units, and power-generation equipment. The Shipbuilding segment manufactures crude-oil carriers, container ships, product tankers, LNG carriers, and naval vessels. The Others segment covers leisure and performance-related facilities. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding segment.

Since the deal with E.On, RWE is refocused on power generation, mostly in Europe. It owns 38 gigawatts of power generation capacity: 17% from lignite and hard coal plants, 36% from gas plants, 40% from renewables including pumped storage and batteries. Besides Germany, RWE’s power plants are chiefly located in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United States for many onshore wind farms.

Cameco Corp is a provider of uranium needed to generate clean, reliable baseload electricity around the globe and is one of those uranium producers. It has three reportable segments: Uranium, Fuel Services, and Westinghouse, deriving maximum revenue from the Westinghouse segment. The Uranium segment involves the exploration for, mining, milling, purchase, and sale of uranium concentrate, while the Fuel Services segment involves the refining, conversion, and fabrication of uranium concentrate and the purchase and sale of conversion services. Westinghouse Electric Company provides products and services to nuclear reactors, including outage and maintenance services, engineering support, instrumentation and controls equipment, plant modification, and components and parts.

Orlen SA is an energy conglomerate that refines and distributes oil in Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Lithuania. Through a group of refineries, it processes crude oil into gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, and aviation fuel. The company also produces petrochemicals and products used by chemical companies as feedstock. Additional operations include exploration and production activities in Poland, where it is domiciled, and Canada. Oil products are offered through thousands of service stations, which is supported by logistics infrastructure. This infrastructure includes surface and underground storage depots and a long-distance pipeline network.

Adani Power Ltd is an electric utility company that produces and transmits energy from its portfolio of power plants located throughout India. The company produces its energy using thermal fuel sources, such as coal but also owns facilities that utilize solar and steam generation. The company's electricity sales are structured through long-term agreements. Its business segments include Power Generation and related activities, which generates key revenue, and Trading, Investment, and other activities. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from India.