G City Valuation Multiples

CBRE Group provides a wide range of real estate services to owners, occupants, and investors worldwide, including leasing, property and project management, and capital markets advisory. CBRE’s investment management arm manages over $155 billion for clients across diverse public and private real estate strategies.

Vantage is the tower arm of Vodafone, spun off in 2021. Vantage fully owns 45,000 towers in Germany, Spain, Greece, and other European countries. Vantage also owns stakes in Inwit (22,000 towers, Vantage owns 33% stake), the Italian tower operator resulting from the merger of Vodafone and Telecom Italia’s towers in the region, and Cornerstone (14,000 towers, 50% stake) a tower joint venture in the U.K. with Telefonica.

Sumitomo Realty & Development is a Japan-based company engaged in the real estate business. The company operates through four segments. The Completed Construction segment covers construction and renovation contracts for detached houses and condominiums. The Real Estate Distribution segment involves brokerage and sales agency services. The Real Estate Rental segment includes leasing and management of office buildings, condominiums, hotels, event halls, and commercial facilities. The Real Estate Sales segment focuses on condominiums and detached houses, and the Others segment covers businesses such as fitness clubs and restaurants. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Real estate rental segment.

Vonovia SE is a residential real estate company based out of Germany. Vonovia owns and manages a multitude of residential units in many German cities and regions. The company makes long-term investments in the maintenance, modernization, and senior-friendly conversion of its properties. In addition to conducting property management, it handles financing, service, and coordination tasks. The company manages its operations through four business segments; Rental, Value-add, Recurring Sales, and Development. Maximum revenue is generated from the Rental segment, which combines all of the business activities that are aimed at the value-enhancing management of its residential real estate. It includes the company's property management activities in Germany, Austria, and Sweden.

KE Holdings, or Beike, is a large residential real estate sales and rental brokerage company in China. Founded in 2001, the company operates through self-owned Lianjia stores in Beijing and Shanghai and connected third-party agencies, including franchise brand Deyou in other cities, with commissions charged on existing-home and new-home transactions. Leveraging an online-offline hybrid model, Beike also attract clients through its namesake online marketplace. The company tapped into home renovation services by acquiring Shengdu Home Decoration in 2022. As of the end of 2024, Beike’s co-founders collectively control the company, while Tencent and its affiliates share 8% of voting power.

Swire Properties is a Hong Kong-based property investor and Hong Kong's largest office landlord. Its Hong Kong portfolio provides more than 13 million square feet of gross floor area, with its portfolio of grade A office contributing over 9 million square feet. The firm also holds investment properties and development projects in China, the United States, and Southeast Asia. Rental income accounts for over 60% of its total revenue, with property development and hotel operations contributing the balance. The company was listed in 2012. Parent company Swire Pacific holds an 83% stake.

CoStar Group is a leading provider of commercial real estate data and marketplace listing platforms. Its data offering contains in-depth analytical information on over 5 million commercial real estate properties related to various subsectors spanning office, retail, hotels, multifamily, healthcare, industrial, self-storage, and data centers. It operates many well-respected brands such as CoStar Suite, LoopNet, Apartments.com, BizBuySell, and Lands of America, with more than 80% of its revenue classified as subscription-based. The company recently expanded its presence into Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, and France.

Jones Lang LaSalle provides a wide range of real estate-related services to owners, occupiers, and investors worldwide, including leasing, property and project management, and capital markets advisory. JLL’s investment management arm, LaSalle Investment Management, manages over $86 billion for clients across diverse public and private real estate strategies.

Swiss Prime Site AG is a real estate company based in Switzerland. Its segments include: Real Estate, Asset Management, Retail, Corporate and Shared Services. The Real Estate segment consists of the firm's core real estate activities (the purchase, sale, lease, and development of properties) and financing of these activities. Asset Management includes the fund business, asset management, and investment advisory. The Retail segment consists of the operation of department stores, and Corporate and Shared Services include central group functions as well as internal services that are provided centrally. The majority of the revenue is generated from the Real Estate segment.

Plaza SA operates as holding a company that owns and operate the shopping centers under the Mall Plaza brand. The firm develops, builds, manages, leases, and subleases local and spaces in shopping centers of the mall type. Its shopping centers provide a range of products and services incorporating entertainment, food, education, culture, health, offices, and financial centers.

Deutsche Wohnen SE is a holding company that manages a collection of residential real estate properties in Germany. The company operates in four segments: Rental; Value-add; Recurring Sales; Development.

PSP Swiss Property AG is a general real estate company, with all its properties active in Switzerland. The company's operating segments are Real estate investments, Property management, and Holding. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Real estate investments segment, which comprises all properties of the Group, such as investment properties, investment properties for sale, own-used properties, development properties, as well as development projects for sale. Income in this segment is generated by the properties mainly in the form of rental income and net changes in fair value. The Property management segment includes all services and activities concerning the management of the company's real estate portfolio, and the Holding segment includes the traditional corporate functions.

Zillow Group Inc is a real estate technology company offering a digital platform that connects real estate customers with sellers, agents, loan officers, and other real estate-related professionals. With its tools and resources, Zillow helps real estate professionals grow their businesses, and for renters and housing providers, it offers a marketplace along with a set of end-to-end products and services to streamline applications, leases, payments, and more. The group operates various brands such as Zillow, Zillow Home Loans, Zillow Rentals, Zillow New Construction, Trulia, StreetEasy, Out East, HotPads, Follow Up Boss, ShowingTime, dotloop, and Zillow Closing. Its ecosystem spans the entire home journey from shopping to renting, buying, selling, and financing real estate.

PrologisProperty Mexico SA de CV is engaged in the acquisition, ownership, and leasing of industrial properties throughout Mexico. The company's real estate portfolio comprises large warehouse buildings. It focused on acquiring, owning, and managing Class-A logistics and manufacturing facilities. The company derives nearly all of its revenue as lease rental income from multinational firms. This income is fairly evenly split between its manufacturing-related facilities in Northern Mexico and consumption-related facilities located mainly in Central and Southern Mexico. In terms of total revenue, the majority of Fibra Prologis' customers are general retailers and third-party logistics firms.

Melisron Ltd is an Israel-based real estate company. The company is engaged, directly and through its subsidiaries, in the rental, management, improvement, and maintenance of its commercial and office space. Melisron owns and operates shopping malls and commercial centers and office parks. It is also engaged in the development of residential and commercial real estates.

Big Shopping Centers Ltd operates and manages shopping centers and malls in Israel. These shopping centers provide customers shopping experience with a range of local and international brands and also free parking spaces, easy access, and strategic attraction point. The company owns and manages shopping centers in US and Serbia. It will launch online brand mall in Israel under the name BIG+.

Fastighets AB Balder is engaged in acquiring, developing, and managing residential properties and commercial properties based on local presence and creating customer value by meeting the needs of different customer groups for commercial premises and housing in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, and the UK. The company's property portfolio contains a wide variety of commercial space, ranging from office, retail, and warehouse space, out of which Residential properties constitute the majority portion of the company's portfolio. The Group’s business segments are; Helsinki, which derives key income, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Copenhagen, South, East, and North. The company generates revenue through income earned on the rents of its properties and on the management of its real estate.

Compass Inc provides an end-to-end platform that empowers residential real estate agents to deliver exceptional service to seller and buyer clients. The platform includes an integrated suite of cloud-based software for customer relationship management, marketing, client service and other critical functionality, all custom-built for the real estate industry and enabling core brokerage services. Business operations are conducted in the United States and earn revenue domestically.

FirstService Corp is engaged in outsourcing property services. The company operates in two business divisions: FirstService Residential and FirstService Brands. FirstService Residential has service contracts to manage thousands of residential communities, including high and low-rise condominiums and co-operatives. FirstService Brands generates the majority of the company's revenue and provides property services to residential and commercial customers through the following brands: California Closets; Paul Davis Restoration; CertaPro Painters, Floor Coverings International, and Pillar to Post Home Inspectors. The company earns the majority of its revenue in the United States, with the remaining revenue generated in Canada.

Opendoor Technologies Inc is an end-to-end real estate platform enabling customers to sell and buy a home online. Its product offerings include Sell to Opendoor, its core product where sellers sell their homes directly to the company, and it resells those homes to buyers; List with Opendoor, for customers to list their homes with a partner agent; and Opendoor Marketplace, a capital-light marketplace offering that connects home sellers with both institutional and retail buyers. In addition to these products, the company also offers its customers integrated title insurance and escrow services through its subsidiaries. A vast majority of the company's revenue is generated by its core product offering, where it acquires homes directly from sellers and resells those homes to buyers.

Colliers International Group Inc provides commercial real estate professional services and investment management to corporate and institutional clients across different countries around the world. Its operating segments are Commercial Real Estate, Engineering and Investment Management. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from its Commercial Real Estate segment, which offers services like transaction and debt finance services, outsourcing in property management, valuation and advisory, loan servicing, and others. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States followed by Canada, Euro currency countries, Australia, the United Kingdom, Poland, China, India, and other regions.

LEG Immobilien SE is a general real estate company. The company's portfolio consists mainly of residential units, followed by garages, parking spaces, and commercial units. The business model is supplemented by the targeted development of value-added services. LEG is mainly focused on the German market of the North Rhine-Westphalia region. The company divides its portfolio into three groups: high-growth markets, stable markets, and higher-yielding markets.

Rbr Desenvolvimento Comercial Feeder Fof Fundo DE Inv Imob is Brazil based company. It is a real estate investment fund.

WillScot Holdings Corp designs, delivers, and services on-site, on-demand space solutions for clients. The company offers turnkey solutions in construction, education, manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and entertainment sectors. The products of the company include modular office complexes, mobile offices, classrooms, blast-resistant modules, clearspan structures, sanitation solutions, portable storage containers, and climate-controlled containers and trailers.

Cencosud Shopping SA is a Chile based company focused on the development, construction and administration of commercial rental properties, mainly shopping centers and offices.

Frontdoor Inc is a United States-based company that provides home service plans. It owns multiple home service brands including American Home Shield, HSA, OneGuard, and Landmark brands. Through its home service plans, the company helps its customers maintain their homes and protect against costly and unexpected breakdowns of essential home systems and appliances.

Pandox AB is the owner of hotel properties. The company organizes operations into two segments, namely, Lease and Own operations. In Owns Operation Activities, Pandox both owns hotel properties and runs the hotel operations. The company is active in various countries in Northern Europe.

Mivne Real Estate (K.D) Ltd has two segments which are cash-generating properties that engage, by themselves and through its investees, in varied real estate activity centering on Israel; the Residential real estate development field is active in the development of residential real estate in Israel including locating, initiating, planning, developing, building, marketing and selling residential construction in Israel, and Others.

Amot Investments Ltd is a real estate company. It engages in the management, leasing, maintenance, initiation, and development of yielding properties in Israel. The company's properties portfolio includes office and high-tech buildings, malls, shopping centers, supermarkets, industrial parks, logistics centers, and central bus stations located in the centers of large cities in Israel's Central District and in high-demand areas.

Shaftesbury Capital PLC is a property management company that operates a portfolio of real estate assets. With a diverse mix of shops, restaurants, cafes, bars, offices, and residential homes, destinations include the high footfall, and thriving neighborhoods of Covent Garden, Carnaby, Soho, and Chinatown, together with holdings in Fitzrovia. Geographically, all properties are in London.

SL Green Realty is one of the largest Manhattan property owners and landlords, with interest in around 32 million square feet of wholly owned and joint-venture office space. The company has additional property exposure through its limited portfolio of well-located retail space. It operates as a real estate investment trust.

Cushman & Wakefield is one of the largest commercial real estate services firms in the world, with global headquarters in Chicago. The firm provides various real estate-related services to owners, occupiers, and investors. These include brokerage services for leasing and capital markets sales as well as advisory services such as valuation, project management, and facilities management.

Curbline Properties Corp is engaged in the business of owning, managing, leasing, and acquiring a portfolio of convenience shopping centers. The primary source of the company's income is generated from the rental of its convenience shopping centers to tenants. Convenience shopping centers are generally positioned on the curbline of well-trafficked intersections and vehicular corridors, offering excellent access and visibility, dedicated parking, and often include drive-thru units. Approximately half of Curbline properties have at least one drive-thru unit.

TAG Immobilien AG is a general real estate company that operates in Germany It focuses on sales activities in addition to the development and management of a residential property . The company focuses on regions characterized by improving quality of life while considering acquisition activity as a component of its operational growth plan. The company has three segments: Rental Germany, Rental Poland and Sales Poland, which derives maximum revenue.

Multiplan Empreendimentos Imobiliarios SA is a general real estate company. The company reports four segments: Properties for lease, Real estate for sale, Projects, and Management and other. It derives key revenue from the Properties for lease segment which represents income generated from renting out spaces in malls and office buildings, and the income generated from the provision of parking spaces. Geographically, the company operates in Brazil.

ALLOS SA Formerly Aliansce Sonae Shopping Centers SA is a full-service company engaged in investing, directly or indirectly in commercial centers, shopping malls, and similar ventures, and in other companies as a partner or stockholder, as well as rendering commercial advisory services, and management of shopping malls and condominiums. It has three operating segments; Rent refers to the operating leases of the shopping malls that include rent, assignment of the right of use, and transfer fee revenue, Parking lot refers to the operation of the parking lot of the shopping mall, and Rendering of services involves the trading, rental, and condominium management and development/planning services carried out in shopping malls owned by the Company and third parties.

Onewo Inc is a property management service provider in China. It offers comprehensive property and facility management services to various types of properties, including office spaces, commercial complex, industrial parks, and public premises. The Group is divided into three business segments: Community space living consumption services; Commercial and urban space integrated services; AIoT and BPaaS solution services. Majority of revenue is from Community space living consumption services, which includes Residential property services, Home-related assets services, Other community value-added services.

Carmila SA, formerly Carmila SAS is a retail property company, which engages in marketing, leasing, shopping center management and portfolio management. It regenerates and extracts value on shopping centers anchored by Carrefour stores. The company operates through the following segments: France; Spain; and Italy. Majority of the firm's revenue gets derived from France region.

Newmark Group Inc is a commercial real estate advisory firm. It offers services, including leasing and corporate advisory services, investment sales, commercial mortgage brokerage, appraisal and valuation, project management, and property, among others. Newmark offers a diverse array of integrated services and products designed to meet the full needs of both real estate investors/owners and occupiers. The company provides real estate strategic consulting and systems integration services to CFI's clients including many Fortune and Forbes companies, owner-occupiers, government agencies, healthcare, and higher education clients.

International Workplace Group PLC owns a network of business centers leased to various business customers and offers flexible workspace options. It owns and operates brands like Regus, Spaces, Signature, HQ, and No 18. The company operates in three principal geographical segments: the Americas; Europe, the Middle East, Africa; and Asia-Pacific. The Americas segment generates the majority proportion of revenue.

Kojamo Oyj is a real estate company. It offers sustainable rental apartments and housing services in Finnish growth centers through its brand Lumo. The company invests in developing and incorporating various digital services in its offering, such as the Lumo website, allowing customers to see all available apartments and rent an apartment online; My Lumo, a service for residents in Lumo apartments to contact the property manager and maintenance, pay rent, book services; and others.

Iguatemi SA is a holding company. Through its direct and indirect subsidiaries and joint ventures, it is engaged in business segments such as shopping centers, telecommunications, contact center and services. The Group’s revenue derives from contracts with customers, leases, provision of services, parking lots and property sales. Majority of revenue is generated from Rents.

Poly Property Services Co Ltd is engaged in provision of property management services, community value-added services, and value-added services to non-property owners. The Company's property management services are engaged in providing property management services to property owners, residents, and property developers, including security, cleaning, greening, gardening, and repair and maintenance. Value-added services to non-property owners engaged in the provision of services to non-property owners, including pre-delivery and other services, Community value-added services include community living services, such as purchase assistance, turnkey furnishing and move-in services, housekeeping and other bespoken services, parking lot management services, and common area value-added services.

Intea Fastigheter AB (publ) invests in and manages social infrastructure for long-term management. It provides customized premises for essential services provided by public-sector tenants in the justice, higher education, healthcare, and other public sectors.

Shoucheng Holdings Ltd is engaged in the operation and management of car parking assets; and the management of private funds oriented towards urban development. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. The Group’s revenue comes from asset operations and FIME. Asset operations include industry-based services, technology, consulting, research, innovation, value-adding, and other services generated around core infrastructure assets. FIME includes income from consultancy services for public offering REITs and management and investment of public offering REITs development funds and strategic placement funds.

Mitsui-Soko Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged in the logistics business. The company operates through two segments namely Logistics and Real estate. Its Logistics segments provide services such as warehousing, port-related work, and operations to shipping companies, multimodal transportation provided by overseas group companies, airfreight transportation, third-party logistics, outsourcing services, supply chain management support services, and land transportation. The Real estate segment renders services centered on building lease.

HIAG Immobilien Holding AG is a property redevelopment company. The company's portfolio covers 40 sites with a total land area of 2.5 million square meters. Its core business focuses on the management of master plans and building permit procedures, site marketing, the steering of redevelopment processes, and portfolio management, including property administration. About 91% of its real estate portfolio is situated in the economic catchment areas of Zurich/Zug, Baden/Brugg, Basel, and Geneva. The company's business activities are divided into three segments Yielding Portfolio, Development Portfolio, and the Transaction segment.

Soho House & Co Inc is a membership platform of physical and digital spaces that connects a vibrant, diverse group of members from across the world. The members use the platform to work, socialize, connect, create, and flourish all over the world. It offers lease agreements for Houses, hotels, restaurants, studios, spas, and other properties. The company's reportable segments are: United Kingdom; The Americas; and Europe and Rest of the world. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Americas segment, which encompasses its operating units in the Americas, including Soho Houses, stand-alone U.S. restaurants, Soho Friends, and the management fees under a hotel management contract for the operation of The Ned London.