Azkoyen Valuation Multiples

Visa Inc. is a global payments technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that operates the world's second-largest card payment network after China UnionPay. Its origins lie in BankAmericard, launched by Bank of America in Fresno on 18 September 1958; the network was rebranded Visa in 1976 and the company listed in 2008. Visa does not issue cards, extend credit or set consumer rates and fees; instead it provides financial institutions with Visa-branded payment products and processes transactions over VisaNet, which runs from four data centers. In 2025 its network handled about 257.5 billion transactions worth US$14.2 trillion. For fiscal 2024 it reported revenue of US$35.9 billion and net income of US$19.7 billion with about 31,600 employees, earned from service, data processing and international transaction fees. Ryan McInerney is chief executive. Visa Canada joined the consortium that bought Aeroplan in 2019.

Mastercard Incorporated (NYSE: MA) is a US payments technology company headquartered at 2000 Purchase Street in Purchase, New York. It operates a global card payment network that switches transactions between issuing banks, acquirers, merchants, consumers, businesses and governments in more than 220 countries and territories, and rather than issuing cards itself it provides transaction processing and related payment services. It also sells value-added services and solutions, including security and authentication, consumer engagement and business insights, and its acquisitions include Vocalink in 2016 for $920 million, Brighterion in 2017 and Recorded Future in 2024 for $2.65 billion. In 2025 gross dollar volume on its network reached $10.6 trillion, up 9% in local currency, and net revenue was $32.8 billion, up 16%, with operating income of $18.9 billion, net income of $15.0 billion and about 39,800 employees. It earns fees on payment volume, switched transactions and cross-border activity, net of rebates and incentives paid to customers, plus fees for value-added services. The company traces its origins to the Interbank Card Association, formed in 1966 by Karl Hinke of Marine Midland Bank and other banks, and went public on the NYSE on May 25, 2006; Michael Miebach is chief executive.

Home Depot is the world's largest home improvement specialty retailer, operating 2,364 warehouse-format stores offering more than 30,000 products in store and 1 million products online in the US, Canada, and Mexico. Its stores offer building materials, home improvement products, lawn and garden products, and decor products and provide various services, including home improvement installation services and tool and equipment rentals. The acquisition of Interline Brands in 2015 allowed Home Depot to enter the MRO business, which has been expanded through the tie-up with HD Supply (2020). The 2024 tie-up with SRS will help grow professional demand in roofing, pool, and landscaping projects, while the 2025 purchase of GMS will lift building product sales through 1,340 distribution locations.

American Express is a New York City-based global payments and financial services company headquartered at 200 Vesey Street. It issues charge and credit cards to consumers and businesses, runs its own card network and merchant business, and provides travel and financial services through units such as Travel Related Services. It earns discount revenue from merchants, card fees and interest on card loans. In 2025 it reported revenue of USD 72.2 billion and net income of USD 10.8 billion with about 76,800 employees, and it had 141.2 million cards in force at the end of 2023. The company traces its origins to 18 March 1850, when express businesses owned by Henry Wells, William Fargo and John Warren Butterfield merged in Buffalo, New York. It sold half of its corporate travel arm, American Express Global Business Travel, to a Certares-led group in 2014 and retains a stake of about 33.5%. Its Travel Related Services subsidiary invested in Portable Software, later Concur Technologies, in 1998.

Founded in 1987, TJX Companies is the world’s largest off-price apparel and home fashions retailer, operating more than 5,000 stores across nine countries. In fiscal 2026, the company generated roughly $60 billion in sales. TJX operates through four segments: Marmaxx (61% of sales), HomeGoods (17%), TJX Canada (9%), and TJX international (13%). Its off-price model emphasizes branded merchandise at meaningful discounts, driving high traffic and rapid inventory turnover.

Fast Retailing is Japan's largest apparel company. It operates casualwear retail chain Uniqlo, known for its high-quality functional apparel at reasonable prices. Fast Retailing is in charge of product design and sales and outsources almost all of its production to factories in places including China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and India. It is ranked the second-largest apparel company by sales globally in 2024 per Euromonitor, thanks to the expansion of Uniqlo International. As of February 2025, it ran 3,616 stores globally. Other brands in its portfolio include GU and acquired brands like Theory, Comptoir des Cotonniers, and Princesse tam.tam. The Yanai family owned a 40.86% stake in the firm as of July 2025.

Lowe's is the second-largest home improvement retailer globally, with more than 1,750 stores in the US, after the 2023 divestiture of its Canadian locations (RONA, Lowe's Canada, Réno-Dépôt, and Dick's Lumber). The firm's stores offer products and services for home decorating, maintenance, repair, and remodeling, with maintenance and repair accounting for two-thirds of products sold. Lowe's primarily targets retail do-it-yourself (around 70% of sales) and do-it-for-me customers, but has expanded its professional business clients to 30% from less than 20% in the past six years (set ot expand further with the acquisition of FBM). We estimate Lowe's captures a high-single-digit share of the domestic home improvement market, based on US Census data and management's market size estimates.

Motorola is a United States public-safety and enterprise-security technology company supplying land-mobile radio systems, command-center software, video security, analytics, and managed services to governments and businesses. The organization serves customers through a defined operating business rather than acting as an investment vehicle. Its team combines sector expertise, customer delivery, technology or physical operations, and continuing product development. Clients use its products or services to solve recurring operational needs in the markets where it is active. Revenue is generated from commercial products, recurring software, or contracted services supplied to customers. The company maintains its own management, workforce, commercial identity, and relationships with customers and suppliers. Its transaction history is tracked under this operating identity so that similarly named businesses in other countries or industries are not combined with it. The cited company and transaction sources establish the identity, location, activity, and role used in this research packet.

Ross Stores, founded in 1982, is a US-focused off-price apparel and home fashion retailer operating more than 2,100 stores across 43 states, primarily under the Ross Dress for Less banner, with a smaller footprint through DD’s Discounts. In fiscal 2024, the company generated over $21 billion in sales. Ross offers branded apparel, footwear, accessories, and home goods at a 20%-60% discount to department and specialty store prices, sourcing closeouts and excess inventory from vendors worldwide.

O’Reilly is an aftermarket automotive parts retailer in the United States and Mexico with more than $16 billion in annual sales. The company operates over 6,000 domestic stores and serves both the do-it-yourself (about 50% of sales) and professional (47% of sales) end markets. O’Reilly differentiates itself by providing quality service to its customers throughout the entirety of the vehicle diagnosis and purchasing process. Furthermore, the firm boasts an impressive hub-and-spoke distribution network designed to provide its localized store base with ample aftermarket part availability across a variety of vehicle makes and models.

Wesfarmers is Australia's largest conglomerate. Its retail operations include the Bunnings hardware chain (number one in market share), discount department stores Kmart and Target (number one and three), and Officeworks in office supplies (number one). These activities account for the vast majority of group earnings before taxes. Other operations include chemicals and fertilizers, lithium mining, industrial and safety supplies, and health. Management is focused on generating cash and creating shareholder wealth in the long term.

Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc operates a network of convenience stores across North America, Europe, and Asia. The company generates income through the sale of tobacco products, groceries, beverages, fresh food, quick service restaurants, car wash services, other retail products and services, road transportation fuel, stationary energy, marine fuel, and chemicals. In addition, the company operates stores under the Circle K banner in other countries such as Indonesia, Egypt, Macau, and others. Its operation is geographically divided into the U.S., Europe and other regions, and Canada. Revenue from external customers falls mainly into three categories: merchandise and services, road transportation fuel, and others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the United States.

PayPal was spun off from eBay in 2015 and provides electronic payment solutions to merchants and consumers, with a focus on online transactions. The company had 434 million active accounts at the end of 2024. The company also owns Venmo, a person-to-person payment platform.

AutoZone operates as a leading retailer of aftermarket automotive parts in the United States. The firm operates 6,666 stores domestically, serving the do-it-yourself and commercial (do-it-for-me) end markets. Through its vast store footprint and distribution network, AutoZone manages a wide array of stock-keeping units applicable to numerous vehicle makes and models, providing its consumers with ample product availability. The firm drives traffic by providing superior and convenient customer service as AutoZone's team of knowledgeable staff assists consumers with diagnosing a vehicle's problem, selecting the necessary part for replacement, and occasionally, installation. The company also operates internationally, with 895 stores in Mexico and 149 in Brazil.

With a retail and direct-to-consumer presence, Williams-Sonoma is a player in the $300 billion domestic home category and $450 billion international home market, focused on expanding its exposure in the B2B ($80 billion total addressable market), marketplace, and franchise areas. Namesake Williams-Sonoma (153 stores) offers high-end cooking essentials, while Pottery Barn (183) provides casual home accessories. West Elm (119) is an emerging concept for young professionals, and Rejuvenation (13) offers lighting and house parts. Brand extensions include Pottery Barn Kids and Pottery Barn Teen (45) as well as Mark & Graham and GreenRow. Williams-Sonoma also has a business-to-business team that supports projects that range from residential to large-scale commercial.

Fiserv is a financial technology company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that provides account processing, digital banking, card issuing and merchant acquiring services to banks, credit unions and businesses. Founded in 1984, it built its core banking business through acquisitions such as Information Technology Inc. of Lincoln, Nebraska in 1995, which brought the Premier account-processing platform. Fiserv processes debit and credit card transactions, loyalty programmes, loans, electronic bill payments, ACH and wire transfers, check deposits and ATM transactions on behalf of financial institutions, with a long-standing base among small and midsize US banks. Its 2019 acquisition of First Data for $22 billion added a large merchant-acquiring business, including the Clover point-of-sale platform for small businesses and the Carat payments platform for large enterprises. The company earns recurring processing and transaction fees, software and service fees and hardware sales. In 2025 it reported revenue of $19.8 billion, operating income of $4.38 billion and about 38,000 employees, and roughly 85% of 2024 revenue came from the US and Canada. Takis Georgakopoulos became chief executive in 2025 after Frank Bisignano left to run the US Social Security Administration, and in November 2025 the shares moved from the NYSE to Nasdaq under the ticker FISV.

Ulta Beauty is the largest specialized beauty retailer in the US with about 1,500 freestanding stores. The firm offers cosmetics (39% of 2024 sales), fragrances (13%), skin care (23%), and hair care products (19%). It also has salon services, including hair, makeup, skin, and brow, that account for about 4% of its revenue and drive traffic. Outside of the US, Ulta acquired premium beauty retailer Space NK and its 83 stores in the UK and Ireland in 2025, is opening franchised stores in Mexico, and has formed a joint venture to expand into the Middle East. In addition, Ulta collects royalties through its Target partnership (set to end in 2026) and credit card revenue. Ulta was founded in 1990 and is based in Bolingbrook, Illinois.

Casey's General Stores Inc serves as convenience store chain with its 2,900 locations, positioned in the Midwest United States. About half of Casey’s stores are located in rural towns with populations under 5,000. While fueling stations serve as a key traffic driver, about two-thirds of the company’s gross profit stems from in-store sales of grocery items, prepared meals, and general merchandise. Casey’s owns more than 90% of its stores and operates the majority of its warehousing and distribution processes internally.

Asian Paints Ltd manufactures and sells a variety of paint and home improvement products. The firm operates itself as a Paints and Home Decor company which sells interior and exterior paints, metal finish, and wood finish. The home improvement product offerings include kitchen and bathroom products. Asian Paints sells its products to distributors and directly to the home improvement industry through the company's network of retail stores. The majority of revenue comes from India.

Circle Internet Group Inc is a financial technology firm engaged in digital currencies and public blockchains for payments, commerce, and financial applications. The company's platform is a full-stack, internet financial platform business, organized around three pillars: Arc Blockchain and Developer Infrastructure, Circle Digital Assets and Services, and Circle Applications.

With over $41 billion in consolidated 2024 sales, Best Buy is the largest pure-play consumer electronics retailer in the US, boasting roughly 8% share of the North American market and around 33% share of offline sales in the region, per our calculations, CTA, and Euromonitor data. The firm generates the bulk of its sales in-store, with mobile phones and tablets, computers, and appliances representing its three largest categories. Recent investments in e-commerce fulfillment, accelerated by the covid pandemic, have seen the US e-commerce channel roughly double from prepandemic levels, with management estimating that it will represent a mid-30% proportion of sales moving forward.

Kaspi.kz JSC is the payment, marketplace, and Fintech ecosystem in Kazakhstan. The firm provides interconnected technologically seamless products and services that help people to pay, shop and manage their finances. Its operating segment includes the Payments Platform that connects its customers, which consist of both consumers and merchants, to facilitate cashless, digital transactions, the Marketplace Platform, which derives maximum revenue, connects merchants and consumers enabling merchants to increase their sales and consumers to buy a broad selection of products and services offered by a variety of merchants, and Fintech Platform that enables customers to manage their personal finances online and access consumer finance and deposit products through the Kaspi.kz Super App.

Tractor Supply is the largest operator of retail farm and ranch stores in the United States. The company targets recreational farmers and ranchers and has little exposure to commercial and industrial farm operations. Currently, the company operates 2,395 of its namesake banners in 49 states, along with 207 Petsense by Tractor Supply stores. Stores are generally concentrated in rural communities rather than urban and suburban areas. In fiscal 2025, revenue consisted primarily of livestock, equine & agriculture (around 30%), companion animal (25%), and seasonal & recreation (around 25%).

APi Group Corp operates in two segments: Safety Services segment includes providing safety services in North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe, focusing on end-to-end integrated occupancy systems (fire protection solutions, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning and entry systems), including design, installation, inspection, and service of these integrated systems. These services are provided in commercial, education, healthcare, high tech, industrial, and special-hazard settings. Specialty Services segment includes providing a variety of infrastructure services and specialized industrial plant services, which include maintenance and repair of critical infrastructure such as underground electric, gas, water, sewer, and telecommunications infrastructure.

Trent Ltd through its subsidiaries, operates a chain of retail stores. The company offers various brands across women's wear, men's wear, kids' wear, footwear, lingerie, cosmetics, perfumes, handbags, and accessories. It also offers foods, beverages, health and beauty products, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and others. The company offers these products by operating a portfolio of retail concepts like Westside, Zudio, Samoh, Utsa, Misbu, and others. The company is in the business of retailing/trading predominantly in India.

Burlington Stores Inc is off-price retailer offering an extensive selection of in-season, fashion-focused merchandise including: women’s ready-to-wear apparel, menswear, youth apparel, baby, beauty, footwear, accessories, home, toys, gifts and coats. Company sell a broad selection of desirable, first-quality, current-brand, labeled merchandise acquired directly from nationally recognized manufacturers and other suppliers. Company sell product in category such as Ladies apparel, Accessories and shoes, Home, Mens apparel, Kids apparel and baby and Outerwear.

SECOM Co Ltd is a provider of security services and surveillance systems. The company operates seven business segments. BPO ICT segment provides information security, disaster response, data center, and EPO services. Disaster Prevention supplies fire alarms, extinguishing systems, and other equipment for offices, plants, tunnels, cultural properties, ships, and homes. Geospatial Information Services offers mapping and related services to governments in Japan and abroad. Insurance designs products reflecting risk reduction and specialized health coverage. Medical Services covers home care, nursing, senior residences, medical records, and equipment sales. Security Services delivers centralized systems for safety and monitoring. Others include real estate leasing and construction support.

Established in 1984, China Tourism Group Duty Free is China’s largest and the world’s second-largest travel retailer in 2024 with revenue of CNY 56.5 billion. The company primarily operates duty-free stores at airports, border crossings, offshore, downtown, and on flights, cruises and ships, with about 200 stores spanning over 33 provinces in China, as well as overseas. The company also operates a duty-paid business and its 2024 revenue mix comprised 69% duty-free sales and 31% duty-paid sales and others. CTG Duty Free is 50% owned by China Tourism Group, a state-owned enterprise that falls directly under the state-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.

GameStop Corp is a U.S. multichannel video game, consumer electronics, and services retailer. The company operates across Europe, Canada, Australia, and the United States. The company sells new and second-hand video game hardware, physical and digital video game software, and video game accessories, mainly through GameStop, EB Games, and Micromania stores and international e-commerce sites. The majority of sales are from the United States. The company categorizes its products in three categories: Hardware and accessories, Software, and Collectibles. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the sale of Hardware and accessories products.

Dick’s Sporting Goods is a retailer that offers sports and outdoor apparel, footwear, and equipment online and in physical stores. The company’s legacy business includes more than 700 stores under its own name, more than 110 Golf Galaxy golf specialty stores, and about 50 outlet stores. In September 2025, Dick’s acquired multinational retailer Foot Locker. With this move, Dick’s added about 2,600 stores under the Foot Locker, Kids Foot Locker, Champs Sports, atmos, and WSS nameplates in North America, the Asia-Pacific, and EMEA—Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Based in the Pittsburgh area, Dick’s was founded in 1948 by the father of current executive chair and controlling shareholder Edward Stack.

Chow Tai Fook Jewellery Group Ltd is engaged in the jewelry and watch business located in Mainland China. The company's geographical operating segment includes Mainland China and Hong Kong, Macau, and other markets. It generates maximum revenue from Mainland China. Its product categories include rings, bands, necklaces, pendants, earrings, chains, bracelets, and others. The company derives revenue from Gem-set, Gold products, Platinum/Karat gold products, and Watches.

Abu Dhabi National Oil Co For Distribution PJSC is engaged in the marketing of petroleum products, natural gas, and ancillary products. It owns retail fuel stations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the group also sells petroleum products to government and commercial customers, and provides aviation fuel and fueling services to its clients. Its reportable segments are Commercial (B2B) and Retail (B2C). Maximum revenue is generated from the Retail (B2C) segment, which is engaged in the sale of gasoline and petroleum products, convenience store sales, car wash and other car care services, oil change services, vehicle inspection services, and property leasing and management through the retail sites.

Penske Automotive Group operates in 19 US states and overseas. It has over 150 US and Puerto Rico light-vehicle stores as well as 210 franchised dealerships overseas, primarily in the United Kingdom but also in Australia, Germany, Italy, and Japan. The company is the third-largest US publicly traded dealership in terms of light-vehicle revenue and sells more than 40 brands, with over 90% of retail automotive revenue coming from luxury and import names. Other segments are service and finance and insurance. The firm's Premier Truck Group owns 45 truck dealerships selling mostly Freightliner and Western Star brands, and Penske owns 16 used-vehicle stores, mostly in the US and UK under the CarShop (US) and Sytner Select (UK) brands. Penske is based in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

Five Below Inc is a specialty value retailer offering merchandise targeted at the tween and teen demographic. The Company’s edited assortment of products includes select brands and licensed merchandise. It derives revenue from sales of the Company’s merchandise to customers.

Aritzia Inc is an integrated design house of exclusive fashion brands. It designs apparel and accessories for its collection of exclusive brands and sells them under the Aritzia banner. The category of products offered by the firm is blouses, T-shirts, pants, dresses, sweaters, jackets and coats, skirts, shorts, jumpsuits, and accessories. The company reports as a single segment and includes all sales channels accessed by the company’s clients, including sales through the company’s eCommerce website and sales at the company’s boutiques. Its geographical segments include Canada and the United States. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Retail, followed by e-commerce.

Verisure PLC provides monitored security solutions for residential customers and businesses globally. It offers products like security alarms, video detectors, smoke-releasing devices, shock sensors, outdoor detectors, cameras, smart locks, etc. Additionally, the company provides monitoring services to filter false alarms and act against genuine threats; active intervention services in case of any breach by maintaining direct links to first responders, including police, fire, and ambulance services; and other related services. Verisure's operating segments are: Portfolio services, which generate maximum revenue, Customer acquisition, and Adjacencies. Geographically, it derives key revenue from Iberia and Nordics, and the rest from Other Europe, Latin America, and Central and other regions.

Kesko Oyj is a Finland-based retail conglomerate that operates in three divisions: Grocery, Building and Technical, and Car. The Grocery segment provides the customers with K-food retailers running their locally tailored stores, acting in a chain business model. Chains include K-Citymarket, K-Supermarket, K-Market, and Neste K. The Building and Technical Sector produces construction materials, leisure athletic goods, and infrastructure tools and operates out of Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, both in digital and brick-and-mortar stores. The Car division acts as an importer and leaser for various European car brands, including Volkswagen, SEAT, Audi, and Porsche as well as a seller of used cars online and in-store. The Grocery segment in Finland produces the maximum revenue.

D'Ieteren Group is a Belgium-based company that imports and distributes automobiles. The group’s reportable operating segments are D’Ieteren Automotive, Belron, Moleskine, TVH and PHE. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Belron segment which performs vehicle glass repair and replacement. The company also distributes Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Bentley, Lamborghini, Bugatti, Maserati, Cupra, Rimac, and Porsche vehicles, as well as spare parts and accessories; markets of used vehicles; provides maintenance, financing and leasing services.

Dillard's Inc is an American fashion apparel, cosmetics, and home furnishings retailer. Its stores offer a large variety of merchandise and feature products from both national and exclusive brand sources. The company also operates a general contracting construction company, CDI Contractors. CDI Contractors' business includes constructing and remodelling stores for Dillards. The merchandise selections include exclusive brand merchandise such as Antonio Melani, Gianni Bini, Daniel Cremieux, Roundtree & Yorke, and private-label merchandise, among others. The company operates in two business segments; Retail Operations and Construction. The Retail Operations segment generates maximum revenue for the company.

Murphy USA Inc is mainly engaged in the marketing of retail motor fuel products and convenience merchandise through a network of several retail stores in the Southwest, Southeast, Midwest, and Northeast United States. The majority of Murphy USA's stores are located in proximity to Walmart Supercenters, but it also operates standalone stores that market gasoline and other products under the Murphy USA, Murphy Express, and QuickChek brands. In addition, the company also markets fuel to unbranded wholesale customers through a mixture of company-owned and third-party product distribution terminals and pipeline positions. The firm generates maximum revenue through retail sales of petroleum products, and the rest from merchandise sales and wholesale of petroleum products.

Sanrio is a Japanese company best known for creating cute, character-driven brands, most famously Hello Kitty. Founded in 1960 by Shintaro Tsuji, Sanrio specializes in designing and licensing characters that appeal to a wide audience, especially children and young adults. Its portfolio includes beloved characters like My Melody, Cinnamoroll, Kuromi, and Pompompurin. Beyond merchandise, Sanrio's influence extends to animation, fashion, theme parks, and global pop culture, embodying the concept of kawaii (cuteness) as a cultural phenomenon.

Hotai Motor Co Ltd is engaged in assembling, trading, and importing vehicles, automobile air conditioners, and their parts. The segments of the company include the Distributor of Toyota and Hino products segments, Installment trading, Leasing, Property insurance, overseas sales agent, and other segments. It has operations across both Taiwan and mainland China, with the vast majority of revenue derived domestically.

Securitas AB is an international security services, consulting, and investigation group based in Stockholm, Sweden. Its activities are centered on manned security, mobile security, monitoring, and risk assessment. Securitas operates in more than 50 countries and is the security firm in manned guarding. The company has three segments: Securitas North America, Securitas Europe, and Securitas Ibero-America. It generates maximum revenue from Securitas Europe.

Vibra Energia SA is engaged in the marketing and distribution of fuel and lubricants. The company's operating segments includes Retail; Consumer Market; Aviation Market and Special Market. It generates maximum revenue from the Retail segment. The business activities of the company include distribution, transportation, distribution and trading of all energy forms, chemical products and asphalt, provision of related services, and importing and exporting related items.

Avolta is the world’s largest duty-free shop operator and leader in travel retail. Airports make up over 80% of the company's total revenue. Following the acquisition of Autogrill in 2022, Avolta now offers a full range of services across travel hubs, including duty-paid and duty-free retail, convenience, and food and beverage operations. The company’s main markets are Europe and the Americas, while Asia contributed around 4% of total sales in 2024.

Founded in 1970, Philadelphia-based Urban Outfitters is a multibrand apparel and home goods retailer that operates nearly 800 stores and e-commerce in the United States, which accounts for about 87% of sales, and other regions. Its retail nameplates are Urban Outfitters (23% of fiscal 2025 sales), Free People/Movement (26%), and Anthropologie (44%). Retail accounted for 88% of fiscal 2025 revenue, but Urban Outfitters also sells products through a wholesale operation, owns some restaurants, and operates a fast-growing clothing rental and resale business called Nuuly (7% of sales). Urban Outfitters primarily markets to young adults and offers products in categories such as apparel (66% of sales), home goods (16% of sales), accessories (13% of sales), and more.

CarMax sells, finances, and services used and new cars through a chain of over 250 used retail stores. It was formed in 1993 as a unit of Circuit City and spun off into an independent company in late 2002. Used-vehicle sales were 83% of fiscal 2025 revenue and wholesale about 17%, with the remaining portion composed of extended service plans and repair. In fiscal 2025, the company retailed and wholesaled 789,050 and 544,312 used vehicles, respectively. CarMax is the largest used-vehicle retailer in the US but still estimates that it had only about 3.7% US market share of vehicles 0-10 years old in calendar 2024. It seeks over 5% share. CarMax is based in Richmond, Virginia.

Brother Industries Ltd is a Japan-based company mainly engaged in producing and selling office equipment, printing solutions, and related supplies. The company operates through seven segments. The Domino segment covers industrial printing equipment, while the Machinery segment handles machine tools, industrial sewing machines, and garment printers. The Network and Content segment involves karaoke equipment and IT systems, and the Nissei segment produces reducers and gears. The Others segment includes new construction and renovation of buildings, and investment in information systems. The Personal and Home segment makes household sewing machines, and Printing and Solutions focuses on telecommunications and printing equipment. It generates majority revenue from Printing & Solutions segment.