Parallel Systems Funding, Investors & Competitors

Tesla is a vertically integrated battery electric vehicle automaker and developer of real-world artificial intelligence software, which includes autonomous driving and humanoid robots. The company has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include a midsize sedan and crossover SUV in the entry-level luxury category, a luxury light truck, and a semitruck. Tesla also runs a robotaxi service in four US metropolitan areas. Global deliveries in 2025 were nearly 1.64 million vehicles. Additionally, the company sells batteries for stationary storage for residential and commercial properties, including utilities, solar panels, and solar roofs for energy generation. Tesla also owns a fast-charging network and a US auto insurance business.

Founded in 2015, XPeng is a leading Chinese electric vehicle company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets EVs in China. Its products primarily target the growing base of technology-savvy middle-class consumers in the midrange to high-end segment in China's passenger vehicle market. The company sold about 430,000 EVs in 2025, accounting for about 3% of China's passenger new energy vehicle market. It is also a leader in autonomous driving technology.

Joby Aviation Inc is a transportation company developing an all-electric, vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxi for commercial passenger service. Its Joby eVTOL aircraft is designed to transport a pilot and up to four passengers or an expected payload of up to 1,000 pounds at speeds of up to 200 mph. The aircraft is optimized for urban routes, with a target range of up to 100 miles on a single charge. The company is also developing an app-based platform to build and operate an aerial ridesharing service powered by a network of eVTOL aircraft that it will manufacture and operate. It has one operating and reportable segment, namely flight services. Currently, the company generates all of its revenue from flight services provided to the Department of Defense in the United States.

Ninebot Ltd is engaged in the research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and sales of short-distance transportation products. The products offered by the company include electric balance bikes and electric scooters for short distance commuting.

Archer Aviation Inc advances the benefits of sustainable air mobility. The company is engaged in designing and developing a fully electric vertical takeoff and landing eVTOL aircraft for use in UAM networks. It is creating an electric airline that moves people throughout cities in a quick, safe, sustainable, and cost-effective manner. The company is building a platform to deliver aircraft, technologies, and services to customers world-wide across commercial and defense sectors.

CATL, headquartered in Ningde, Fujian Province, is a global leading battery manufacturer founded in 2011. The company specializes in the development and production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle and energy storage systems. CATL is the largest EV battery manufacturer in the world and leads the industry in innovative battery technology development for higher-energy density and safety, longer battery service life, and super-fast charging. CATL is also involved in the manufacturing of cathode and other related battery materials. Through subsidiary Brunp, it works with customers to create a closed-loop battery life cycle from production, application, to recycling.

LG Energy Solution is the third-largest battery maker for electric vehicles with about 11% global share in 2024, according to SNE Research. The EV battery segment is the largest revenue contributor, which accounted for more than 60% of total revenue in 2024. LGES also manufactures batteries for mobility, mobile phones, laptops, electrical devices, and energy storage systems. The company was spun off from LG Chem’s battery division in December 2020 and listed on the Korea Exchange in January 2022. It has global manufacturing facilities in Korea, China, Poland, and the United States. Key customers include General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Stellantis.

SK on is a Seoul-headquartered battery maker producing prismatic and pouch lithium-ion cells for electric vehicles from its Gwangmyeong and Seosan plants. Spun off from SK Innovation in 2021, it supplies packs to Ford Mustang Mach-E and Hyundai Ioniq 5. The company advances 46-series cells with NCM cathodes and partners with Solid Power on solid-state tech. SK on targets 200 GWh capacity by 2025.

Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturer, offering a diverse portfolio of smarter, integrated and safer mobility solutions. It designs, manufactures and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications. Its operating segments consist of: a) Automotive: The Automotive segment consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover and Vehicle Financing. Other operating segments do not meet the quantitative thresholds for disclosure and have been aggregated. b) Others: Others consist of IT services and Insurance Broking services. The majority of revenue is generated from the Tata Commercial Vehicles sub-segment of the Automotive segment.

GAC Aion is a Guangzhou-headquartered electric vehicle manufacturer established in 2017 as a sub-brand of Guangzhou Automobile Group. The marque produces passenger EVs including the Aion S sedan, Aion LX SUV, and Hyper series performance models while offering battery swapping stations and charging infrastructure services across China.

Enilive is a Rome-headquartered subsidiary of Eni focused on sustainable mobility services. The company delivers integrated low-carbon solutions including biomethane production facilities, car-sharing fleets, and refueling stations for alternative fuels. Enilive operates across Italy with a network supporting electric vehicle charging and hydrogen infrastructure, advancing decarbonization in transportation through public-private partnerships.

Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Ltd Formerly Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturing company. It designs, manufactures, and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications, aggregates such as axles and transmissions for commercial vehicles, and factory automation equipment, and provides information technology services. Its operating segments include Automotive and Others. The Automotive segment, which derives key revenue, consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover, and Vehicle Financing. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from India, and the rest from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Rest of Europe, China, and the Rest of the World.

Mahindra Electric Automobile is a Bengaluru-based developer of four-wheeler electric passenger vehicles. The company produces models like the eVerito sedan tailored for urban commuting and fleet operations in India. It focuses on affordable electric mobility with lithium-ion battery technology and partners with city governments for electric taxi services. Mahindra Electric Automobile integrates fast-charging infrastructure and maintains a dedicated manufacturing facility in Bengaluru.

Tata Passenger Electric Mobility Ltd is a Pune-based subsidiary of Tata Motors manufacturing electric passenger vehicles including the Nexon EV, Tigor EV, and Tiago EV. The company operates a 350-acre facility in Sanand, Gujarat, producing over 100,000 units annually with battery assembly and fast-charging infrastructure. TPEML partners with Tata Power for nationwide charging networks and exports to Europe and Southeast Asia.

Sigenergy Technology Co Ltd focuses on developing cutting-edge all-scenario energy solutions, with products ranging from energy storage systems to solar inverters and EV chargers. Its Products are SigenStor, Sigen LoadHub, SigenMicro Inverter, SigenStor EV DC, Sigen EV AC Charger, mySigen App, and Sigen Cloud. The business encompasses the research, development, application, production, and sales of renewable energy solutions, including photovoltaic inverters.

Nio is a leading electric vehicle maker, targeting the premium segment. Founded in November 2014, Nio designs, develops, jointly manufactures, and sells premium smart electric vehicles. The company differentiates itself through continuous technological breakthroughs and innovations such as battery swapping and autonomous driving technologies. Nio launched its first model, its ES8 seven-seater electric SUV, in December 2017, and began deliveries in June 2018. Its current model portfolio includes midsize to large sedans and SUVs. It sold around 222,000 EVs in 2024, accounting for about 2% of the China passenger new energy vehicle market.

SVOLT is a battery maker based in Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, that develops and produces cells, modules and packs for electric vehicles and a range of energy storage systems. Great Wall Motor set it up in February 2018 as a wholly owned subsidiary, and outside investors including CMG-SDIC Capital, Bank of China Group Investment, IDG Capital and Xiaomi bought in through financing rounds in 2020 and 2021 that raised more than 20 billion yuan. The company reports 14 production sites, three research centres, more than 13,000 employees and 5.2 billion yuan of research spending between 2019 and 2025. Great Wall Motor accounted for 98.68 percent of its revenue in 2020. SVOLT filed for a listing on the Shanghai STAR Market in 2022, invested in the recycling company Shunhua Lithium that year, and sold a 40 percent stake in its Thai unit to Banpu NEXT in 2023.

Ecopro BM Co Ltd is engaged in the development and production of secondary battery materials like precursors and cathode materials. Its products are used in electric vehicles, electric energy storage systems, uninterruptible power supply, smart grids, and ones for aerospace, medical and military purposes.