Haypp Group Valuation Multiples

Amazon is an American technology and retail company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with a second headquarters in Arlington County, Virginia. It runs the amazon.com online store and marketplace for third-party sellers, the Amazon Prime subscription programme, which had 200 million subscribers worldwide in 2021, and Amazon Web Services, the cloud computing unit launched in 2002 that rents data storage and computing power to companies. It also sells Echo, Kindle and Fire devices, distributes video, music and audiobooks through Prime Video, MGM+, Amazon Music, Twitch and Audible, and owns the Whole Foods Market grocery chain, Ring, IMDb and the self-driving car developer Zoox. Amazon earns revenue from product sales, seller commissions and fulfilment fees, subscriptions, cloud services and advertising. It reported revenue of US$716.9 billion and net income of US$77.7 billion in 2025 with about 1,576,000 employees, making it the world's largest company by revenue as of 2026 and the second-largest private employer in the United States. Jeff Bezos founded the company as Cadabra on July 5, 1994, in Bellevue, Washington, as an online bookstore and renamed it Amazon that November. Bezos, who owns about 8.8% of the shares, became executive chairman in July 2021, when former AWS chief Andy Jassy became chief executive.

Tencent is the world’s largest game publisher, with top-grossing mobile hits like Honor of Kings and Peacekeeper Elite and a steady pipeline of new titles. It also operates WeChat—China’s super-app with roughly 1.3 billion users—embedded in daily life for messaging, short video, mini programs, payments, and shopping. Beyond its own platforms, Tencent is a prolific strategic investor, holding stakes in leading internet companies such as PDD, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu.

Created from the international operations of Altria in 2008, Philip Morris International sells cigarettes and reduced-risk products, including heat sticks, vapes, and oral nicotine offerings, primarily outside of the US. With the 2023 acquisition of Swedish Match, a leading manufacturer of traditional oral tobacco products and nicotine pouches primarily in the US and Scandinavia, PMI is not only dominant in smokable products but also has the Iqos and Zyn brands, which respectively dominate heated tobacco and nicotine pouches in most markets.

Alibaba Group is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, founded on 28 June 1999 by Jack Ma and 17 friends and students as the business-to-business marketplace Alibaba.com. It operates China's largest consumer marketplaces, Taobao (consumer-to-consumer) and Tmall (business-to-consumer), the global B2B site Alibaba.com and domestic wholesale platform 1688, alongside international e-commerce, Alibaba Cloud, the Cainiao logistics network, local consumer services and digital media and entertainment businesses, reorganised in 2023 into six business groups. It earns revenue mainly from merchant advertising and commissions on its marketplaces, plus cloud computing, logistics and direct sales. Early backers included Goldman Sachs, SoftBank and Investor AB, which invested $25 million in October 1999. Its September 2014 New York Stock Exchange IPO raised $25 billion, then the largest in history, giving it a market value of $231 billion, and in January 2018 it became the second Asian company to pass a $500 billion valuation. Joseph Tsai became chairman and Eddie Wu chief executive in 2023.

The third-largest tobacco company by volume, British American Tobacco sold 465 billion cigarettes in 2025. Its leading brands are Dunhill, Kent, Pall Mall, Lucky Strike, and Rothmans in cigarettes. Its ownership of the Camel, Natural American Spirit, and Newport brands are limited to the US. In next-generation products, the company has the Vuse brand in vaping, glo in heated tobacco, and Velo in modern oral tobacco. The company also owns a 22.9% stake in ITC limited, the largest Indian cigarette company.

Altria comprises Philip Morris USA, US Smokeless Tobacco, John Middleton, Horizon Innovations, and Helix Innovations. Through its tobacco subsidiaries, Altria maintains the leading position in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the United States and the number-two spot in machine-made cigars. The company's Marlboro brand is the leading cigarette brand in the US with 42% annual share in 2024. Beyond its core business, it holds an 8% interest in the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev and a 41% stake in cannabis manufacturer Cronos. It also acquired vaping company Njoy Holdings in 2023 and operates a joint venture with Japan Tobacco in the heated tobacco category for the US.

PDD Holdings operates commerce businesses globally. Its main operations are Pinduoduo, a social commerce platform in China, and Temu, a global e-commerce marketplace. PDD also has a community group purchase business in China. PDD has built a network of sourcing, logistics, and fulfillment capabilities that support its underlying businesses. PDD has also started its first-party brand business for global markets.

MercadoLibre is a publicly listed e-commerce and financial technology company founded in Buenos Aires in 1999 by Marcos Galperin. It operates an online marketplace, the Mercado Pago payments and credit business, the Mercado Envios logistics network and an advertising unit across eighteen Latin American countries. The company is incorporated in Delaware, trades on the Nasdaq under the symbol MELI and has its headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay. It reported revenues of 28.9 billion dollars for 2025 and operating income of 3.2 billion dollars, with about 123,670 employees. Its commerce and fintech services reached 131 million unique buyers over the twelve months to the second quarter of 2026. The company has grown through acquisitions of classifieds portals, logistics and payments businesses and through minority investments made partly through its corporate venture fund.

Japan Tobacco primarily sells cigarettes and reduced-risk products, organized in three clusters consisting of Asia (which includes its home market and countries in the Asia-Pacific), Western Europe, and EMA (which includes Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, Turkey, the Americas, and duty-free). Its leading cigarette brands include Winston (non-US), Camel (non-US), Mevius, and LD. Its reduced-risk brands include Logic in vaping, Ploom in heated tobacco, and Nordic Spirit in nicotine pouches, though these generate less than 5% of tobacco sales.

Carvana Co is an e-commerce platform for buying and selling used cars. The company derives revenue from used vehicle sales, wholesale vehicle sales and other sales and revenues. The other sales and revenues include sales of loans originated and sold in securitization transactions or to financing partners, commissions received on VSCs and sales of GAP waiver coverage. The foundation of the business is retail vehicle unit sales. This drives the majority of the revenue and allows the company to capture additional revenue streams associated with financing, VSCs, auto insurance and GAP waiver coverage, as well as trade-in vehicles.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue-generating game. Sea’s third business, Monee, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services. As of March 2025, Forrest Li, the founder, chair, and CEO, owned 59.1% of the voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

JD.com is the third-largest Chinese e-commerce platform by gross merchandise volume in 2024. it offers a wide selection of authentic products with speedy and reliable delivery. The company has built its own nationwide fulfilment infrastructure and last-mile delivery network, staffed by its own employees, which supports both its online direct sales, its online marketplace and omnichannel businesses.

ITC Ltd is an Indian conglomerate that predominantly operates in the consumer goods space, particularly cigarettes. The company operates in three main business segments: Fast Moving Consumer Goods; Paperboards, Paper, and Packaging; and Agri-Business. The company's total revenue comes from the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Business, which is dominated by cigarettes but also includes branded packaged foods, personal care products, and other categories. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India.

Imperial Brands is the world's fourth-largest international tobacco company (excluding China National Tobacco), with total fiscal 2025 volume of 187 billion cigarettes sold in more than 120 countries. Its largest and most important markets are the US (where it sits as the third-largest manufacturer, following its acquisition of the Winston and Blu brands), Germany, the UK, Spain, and Australia. The firm also holds a leading global position in the fine-cut tobacco and hand-rolling paper categories. It has a logistics platform in Western Europe, Altadis.

Coupang is South Korea’s largest e-commerce platform that sells both owned and third-party inventory. Headquartered in the US, Coupang operates e-commerce businesses mainly in South Korea and Taiwan. The company has built an integrated logistics network that covers the entirety of South Korea, with extensive fulfillment centers that ensure timely delivery, even for orders placed seconds before midnight. Outside of its bread-and-butter e-commerce business, Coupang has expanded into Rocket delivery services to third-party merchants (fulfillment and logistics by Coupang), online grocery delivery Rocket Fresh, online meal delivery (Eats), e-commerce in Taiwan, luxury e-commerce (Farfetch), and travel.

LY is a leading Japanese internet services conglomerate. Its main services are Yahoo Japan, the oldest portal site in Japan that offers a wide variety of services, such as news, e-commerce, financial information, and Line, a national messenger application. In 2019, the company acquired Zozo, a leading online apparel retailer, to grow its e-commerce business. In 2022, LY consolidated with its wholly owned subsidiary PayPay, the most popular QR code payment service in Japan.

Naver has been the leading search portal in South Korea for many years. The company has also been evolving into an internet platform providing a variety of internet services, such as news, a dictionary, maps, digital comic content, social networking, e-commerce, videos, fintech services based on online payments, and Cloud services. Naver was also the incubator of Line Yahoo, the leading mobile messaging app in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Indonesia, which merged with Z Holdings (Yahoo Japan), with Naver now owning 32.5% of the merged entity renamed LY.

Shein Global Holdings Ltd is an online fashion and lifestyle company. It operates online platforms that offer fashion products to consumers mainly in the United States and Europe. The company's portfolio of brands includes SHEIN, Dazy, Romwe, MOTF, Anewsta, Musera, Glowmode, and Aralina. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the sale of its fashion apparel products.

JD Health is the largest healthcare e-commerce platform in China in terms of revenue. The company offers pharmaceutical drugs and healthcare products on its platform, both as a marketplace that connects merchants to consumers and as a first-party, or 1P, direct retailer. It also offers online consultation from real life doctors and separately partners with offline pharmacies that can provide location-based 24/7 delivery as part of an omnichannel initiative to complement its core e-commerce business. Its closest competitors are Alibaba Health and Meituan for its e-commerce business. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the platform has over 200 million active annual users and over 70,000 merchants. JD Health is 67.49% owned by its parent company, JD.com.

KT&G Corp manufactures and sells tobacco products in South Korea. Its flagship cigarette brand is Esse. Other brands include This, The One, Bohem, and Raison. The company has four reportable divisions: Tobacco Business, Ginseng Business, Real Estate Business, and Other Business divisions. The Tobacco division handles tobacco manufacturing and sales, the Ginseng division focuses on manufacturing and sales of red ginseng products, the Real Estate division engages in real estate sales and rental activities, and the Other Business division includes manufacturing and sales of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Tobacco Business.

Wayfair engages in e-commerce in the United States (88% of 2025 sales), Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. It's also embarked on expansion into the brick-and-mortar landscape, with 12 stores (excluding outlets) between the AllModern, Birch Lane, Joss & Main, and Wayfair banners. At the end of 2025, the firm offered more than 40 million products from more than 20,000 suppliers under the brands Wayfair, Joss & Main, AllModern, Birch Lane, and Perigold. Its offerings include furniture, everyday and seasonal decor, decorative accents, housewares, as well as advertising and logistics services. Wayfair was founded in 2002 and began trading publicly in 2014.

Lenskart Solutions Ltd is a technology-driven eyewear company, with a belief that clear vision is fundamental to personal development and well-being. It sells a range of eyewear products including prescription eyeglasses, sunglasses, and other products such as contact lenses and eyewear accessories.

Meesho Ltd is a technology platform that integrates commerce, logistics, and content creation to support e-commerce activities under the Meesho brand. The Company also provides digital financial services by facilitating financing arrangements between non-banking financial companies and sellers to support access to credit, and it operates a supply-chain service for the delivery of groceries and other products. The Company operates through the Marketplace segment, which is a technology platform connecting consumers, sellers, logistics partners, and content creators, and the New Initiatives segment, which includes a low-cost local logistics network for daily essentials and a digital financial services platform. The majority of the Company's revenue is generated from the Marketplace segment.

FSN E-Commerce Ventures Ltd is engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling and distributing beauty, wellness, fitness, personal care, health care, skin care, hair care products, fashion garments, fashion accessories and equipments on the online portals or websites such as e-commerce, m-commerce, internet, intranet as well as through physical stores, stalls, general trade and modern trade etc. In addition, it also provides marketing support services. The group operates in the following segments: Beauty, Fashion, and Others. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Beauty segment, which comprises online beauty platform, beauty-owned brands, physical retail stores, eB2B distribution business, and Nykaa Man BPC business. Geographically, the group derives key revenue from India.

Rakuten is a leading e-commerce and financial technology service provider in Japan. It has built up a comprehensive Rakuten ecosystem in Japan, including Rakuten Ichiba for e-commerce, Rakuten Travel, Rakuten Card, Rakuten Bank, and Rakuten Securities, and became the fourth mobile network operator in Japan in April 2020. The loyalty program, Rakuten Super Points, has encouraged cross-use of services in its ecosystem. About 90% of its revenue is generated from the Japanese market.

Founded in 2011, Chewy is a leading e-commerce retailer of pet food, toys, supplies, and medications in North America. The firm offers a comprehensive selection of proprietary and third-party brands, anchored by its highly sticky autoship subscription program, which drives over 83% of its sales. Beyond core retail, Chewy is expanding into high-margin revenue streams, including its retail media network (Chewy Ads), specialized veterinary healthcare software, and brick-and-mortar veterinary clinics to further integrate customers into the Chewy ecosystem.

Zalando, founded in 2008, is Europe’s biggest pure-play online fashion platform. Zalando is present in 25 European countries, and its major market is the DACH region, comprising Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. After the About You acquisition, it has 17 fulfillment centers, offers over 7,000 brands, and as of September 2025, had 62 million active users (more than 10% of the population in countries where the firm has a presence).

Zozo, established in 1998 by Yusaku Maezawa, operates Zozotown, Japan's largest fashion e-commerce platform. Zozotown runs primarily on a consignment model, where brands stock products at Zozo's logistics bases and operate shops as tenants. As of 2025, Zozotown hosts over 11,000 brands and 12.5 million active users. Beyond its core domestic business, Zozo is expanding into adjacent categories such as skincare, cosmetics, and fragrance (near fashion), and internationally through Lyst, a UK-based luxury fashion platform acquired in 2025, and Zozofit, a body measurement app.

Smoore International Holdings Ltd offers vaping technology solutions, including manufacturing vaping devices and vaping components for Heat-not-burn products. It operates in three segments namely research, design and manufacturing of closed-system electronic vaping products, heat-not-burn products, and components for atomization products for various tobacco companies, independent vaping and other corporate clients; research, design, manufacturing and sale of branded electronic vaping products and beauty atomization products for retail clients; and providing relevant research and development (R&D) services for customers based on atomization technology reserves. The company generates maximum revenue from Vaping devices and components, besides APV.

Mango Excellent Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the provision of E-commerce services through Television, Internet, Catalogs, and other multimedia channels. The company operates three main business segments. The Mango Television Internet Video Business segment delivers content such as variety shows, TV dramas, films, movies, animations, and short videos. The New Media Interactive Entertainment Content Production Business segment covers the creation and operation of dramas, variety programs, and games, alongside artist management, music copyrights, and game development. The Media Retail Business segment focuses on TV shopping, media e-commerce, and overseas-related operations. The company generates maximum revenue from the Mango Television internet video business segment.

Global E Online Ltd provides e-commerce solutions. The company offers a platform to enable and accelerate direct-to-consumer cross-border e-commerce. The platform was purpose-built for international shoppers to buy seamlessly online and for merchants to sell from and anywhere in the world. The company localizes the shopper experience to make international transactions as seamless as domestic ones. The platform increases the conversion of international traffic into sales by removing much of the complexity associated with international e-commerce. The company derives maximum revenue from the United States.

Alibaba Health is of one of China's leading e-commerce platform specializing in healthcare-related products, including prescription drugs, OTC drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, health foods, and so on. The company operates both a third-party B2C service, or 3P, and its own direct-to-consumer business, or 1P, with its own inventory, which can both be accessed by Alibaba’s Tmall app and Alipay. The company also provides online consultation services in a separate app called Yilu or “Dr. Deer,” although its e-commerce businesses remain its core competency in the long-term. E-commerce accounted for 93% of revenue in fiscal year 2022. We estimate that AliHealth holds about 45% of market share in the industry in terms of GMV. AliHealth is 63.74% owned by its parent company, Alibaba Group.

Vipshop is a leading Chinese online discount retailer offering branded products at attractive discounts ranging from 10%-90% off their original price through daily flash sales. It operates warehousing, retailing, product procurements, software development, and information technology support in-house while outsourcing to third-party logistics providers for distribution and shipments. Branded products on Vipshop’s platform are sourced mostly through a consignment model with global brand partners . As of March 31, 2025, Eric Ya Shen, chairman and CEO, had 64.5% voting rights. Leading Chinese social media firm and strategic shareholder Tencent also holds an 12.5% interest.

Vishal Mega Mart Ltd is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade of apparel, fast-moving consumer goods, and general merchandise. The group offers products across three product categories: apparel, general merchandise, and fast-moving consumer goods through a pan-India network of nearly 645 Vishal Mega Mart stores. Its brands are Yellow Hippo, Wavelength, Brink, Home Pure, Outshine, Tandem, Home Finery, and Others. The Group operates in the reportable segment of Contract Manufacturing and Wholesale and Retail Trading.

Openlane Inc provides a digital marketplace for used vehicles, connecting sellers and buyers in North America and Europe for fast and transparent transactions. Its services include financing, repossessions, repairs, transportation, warranty, and inventory management. The company operates used-vehicle auctions and has two main segments: Marketplace and Finance, with majority revenue coming from the Marketplace segment, which to used vehicle remarketing, including marketplace services, remarketing, or make ready services and all are interrelated, synergistic elements along the auto remarketing chain. The Finance segment, through AFC engaged in business of providing short-term, inventory-secured financing to independent vehicle dealers.

Xingyun Technology Co Ltd is engaged in modern manufacturing, communications design and construction, software services, and transportation and logistics. Its activities include software development, wholesale and retail of computer hardware, software, and related equipment, sales agency services.

Founded in 2000, Ocado provides automation and logistics solutions to grocers. Ocado operates in two segments: logistics and solutions. Logistics provides fulfillment and delivery services in the United Kingdom. Solutions is based on the Ocado Smart Platform, a modular, automated online retail fulfillment and delivery solution that provides software, fulfillment hardware, and support services to corporate customers in return for upfront and recurring fees. Partners include leading grocers around the world, like Sobeys, Morrisons, ICA, Groupe Casino, Bon Preu, Kroger, and Coles. Ocado also has a 50% stake in Ocado Retail, a pure-play e-grocery business. The other 50% is owned by Marks & Spencer.

Inchcape PLC is engaged in the automotive distribution business, focusing on the sale and distribution of new and used vehicles along with after-sales services. The group has three reportable segments: APAC, Europe & Africa, and Americas. It is involved in the exclusive distribution, sales, and marketing of new vehicles and parts, as well as logistics services and aftersales activities, including servicing, body shop repairs, and parts sales across its operating regions.

Godfrey Phillips India Ltd is a cigarette manufacturer that sells its products globally under brand names including Four Square, Red & White, Cavanders, Jaisalmer, Stellar, and Marlboro which it has a license to sell in India. Cigarette sales account for the vast majority of the total revenue, although the company also sells tea and other retail products. The company operates through three reportable segments: Cigarette, Tobacco, and Related Products and Related Products; and Others. The majority of the Godfrey Phillips sales are generated in India, but the company exports some of its cigarette brands and cuts tobacco.

China Tobacco International (HK) Co Ltd is engaged in the tobacco business. It operates through various segments namely the Tobacco Leaf Products Export Business, the Tobacco Leaf Product Import Business, the Cigarettes Export Business, the New Tobacco Product Export Business, and the Brazil Operation Business. The company's geographical segments are China (excluding the SARs), Indonesia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Brazil, Belgium, and others.

Philip Morris CR AS is a Czech Republic-based company active in the tobacco industry. The company is engaged in the production, sale, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products. The company also distributes smoke-free tobacco products under the HEETS name; and IQOS tobacco heating systems and related accessories, as well as cigarettes. The company provides its tobacco products under the Marlboro, L&M, Philip Morris, Petra Klasik, Sparta, and Chesterfield brands.

momo.com Inc is an e-commerce company that serves Taiwan. The company is engaged in TV and radio production, radio and TV program distribution, radio and TV commercial, video program distribution, issuing of magazine, retailing, and retail sale no storefront. The Group has two reporting segments: E-commerce division and Multimedia business division. It derives maximum revenue from E-Commerce Segment.

RLX Technology Inc is engaged in the manufacturing of e-vapor products for adult smokers. It has an integrated offline distribution and "Branded store plus" retail model tailored to China's e-vapor market.

PT Global Digital Niaga Tbk is engaged in the business of Retail Trading and programming Activities, as well as Web Portals and/or Digital Platforms. Its segments are Online Retail (First party and Third party), Institution, and Physical store.

Polibeli Group Ltd is engaged in goods trading and others to promote the circulation of goods with a focus on making trading easier. The products offered by the company include consumer electronic accessories, household appliances, skincare products, oral-care products, cosmetics products, toys and game products, and health-care products. Geographically, the company derives the majority of its revenue from Japan.

Beijing United Information Technology Co Ltd operates business to business e-commerce platform. The company provides online commodity trading, commercial information services, and Internet technology for industrial products and raw materials for related industries. It also provides online commodity trading services for upstream and downstream industries such as coating chemicals, sanitary products, and glass, including self-operated e-commerce, third-party e-commerce, and SaaS services.

Modivo SA operates in the footwear and apparel segment across multiple European markets. The group follows an omnichannel retail model that includes a network of physical stores and e-commerce platforms. Its operations are conducted under several brands, including CCC, HalfPrice, eobuwie.pl, MODIVO, Worldbox, and Boardriders.

ACV Auctions Inc operates a mobile platform for wholesale car auctions. It provides a digital marketplace for wholesale vehicle transactions and data services that offer transparent and accurate vehicle information for customers. Additionally, the company's marketplace platform is supported by remarketing centers in various locations throughout the United States.