Theo Funding, Investors & Competitors

Paxos is a New York-headquartered regulated trust company founded in 2012. The firm issues stablecoins including Pax Dollar and partners with PayPal for PYUSD, while providing settlement services for gold tokens and crypto brokerage. Paxos operates under New York Department of Financial Services oversight, serving institutions like Venmo and Interactive Brokers with digital asset custody and trading infrastructure.

TRM Labs provides blockchain intelligence tools for financial institutions, crypto firms, and agencies like the FBI and IRS to detect and investigate cryptocurrency crimes. Trusted by clients including PayPal, Visa, FTX, Uniswap, and Anchorage, the company has raised over $79 million from investors such as JPMorgan Chase, Citi, and Tiger Global. Operating remotely with hubs in San Francisco, Washington, DC, and London, TRM employs experts from the U.S. Secret Service, Treasury, and Coinbase.

Matrixport is a Singapore-based digital-asset financial services platform, founded in 2019 by Bitmain co-founders Jihan Wu and Ge Yuesheng, offering institutional custody, trading, lending, structured products, and asset management to institutional and retail clients. It holds licenses in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Switzerland, and its Matrixdock unit tokenizes real-world assets such as LBMA-accredited gold and US Treasury products. The company has also expanded through acquisitions, including Swiss crypto asset manager Crypto Finance (Asset Management) AG.

Talos is a New York-based institutional trading infrastructure provider for cryptocurrencies, facilitating execution, custody, and settlement across 300 assets. Founded in 2018, the platform connects exchanges, market makers, and hedge funds via low-latency APIs and smart order routing. Talos powers liquidity for firms like Galaxy Digital and supports OTC desks with prime brokerage services.

S&P Global provides data and benchmarks to capital and commodity market participants. Its ratings business is the largest credit rating agency in the world and S&P's largest segment by profitability. S&P's largest segment by revenue is market intelligence, which provides desktop, data and advisory solutions, enterprise solutions, and credit/risk solutions mostly in the financial-services industry. S&P's other segments include energy (formerly commodity insights, this segment includes Platts and other data), mobility (Carfax), and indexes. S&P plans to spin off mobility in 2026.

Intercontinental Exchange is a vertically integrated operator of financial exchanges and provides ancillary data products. Though the company is probably best known for its ownership of the New York Stock Exchange, which it acquired in 2013, ICE operates a large derivatives exchange, too. The company's largest commodity futures product is the ICE Brent crude futures contract. In addition to the exchanges business, which is about 54% of net revenue, Intercontinental Exchange has used a series of acquisitions to create its mortgage technology business (22% of net revenue) and fixed-income and data-services segment (24% of net revenue).

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

London Stock Exchange Group is a fully integrated financial exchange company covering the financial market value chain from primary and secondary markets across multiple asset classes over data, index, and analytics down to clearing and post-trading reporting. With the acquisition of Refinitiv, LSEG generates about two thirds of its revenue from data and analytics including its FTSE Russell and WM/Refinitiv benchmarks as well as data feeds and terminals. The group is also a majority shareholder in Tradeweb, one of the dominant global fixed-income trading venues, as well as LCH, the largest clearinghouse for over-the-counter swaps globally.

Founded in 1971, Nasdaq is primarily known for its equity exchange, but in addition to its trading business (about 22.5% of sales), the company sells market and financial data to investors, offers Nasdaq-branded indexes, and lists companies through its capital access segment (42.5%). Nasdaq's newest segment, financial technology, was primarily constructed through the acquisitions of Verafin and Adenza and has expanded the company into capital management, financial crime, and regulatory compliance software (35%) as it seeks to become a diversified technology company.

Ripple is a San Francisco-headquartered blockchain company powering cross-border payments through the XRP Ledger. Its On-Demand Liquidity service settles transactions in 3-5 seconds for 100+ financial institutions including Santander, Standard Chartered, and SBI Holdings. Founded in 2012, Ripple processes $30 billion quarterly volume with software adopted by MoneyGram.

Founded in 2009, Block provides payment services to merchants, along with related services. The company also launched Cash App, a person-to-person payment network. In 2024, Square's payment volume was almost USD 250 million.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Thomson Reuters is a leading global provider of business information services, delivering trusted data, technology, and expertise to professionals across legal, tax, accounting, risk, compliance, and the news and media sectors. Headquartered in Toronto, Canada, the company combines deep domain knowledge with data and software solutions to help clients make informed decisions, manage complexity, and drive efficiency. Thomson Reuters serves legal and accounting/tax professionals, corporations, and governments worldwide, but around 75% of revenue is generated in the US. The company is known for flagship products such as Westlaw, UltraTax CS, and Reuters News.

East Money Information Co Ltd is engaged in securities business, financial e-commerce service business, financial data service business, and Internet advertising service business. It mainly provides paid financial data services, financial e-commerce services, and Internet advertisement services through its Website, eastmoney.com. It generates majority of ots revenue from the securities business.

MSCI has described its mission as enabling investors to build better portfolios for a better world. MSCI's largest and most profitable segment is its index segment, where it provides benchmarking to asset managers and asset owners. MSCI boasts over $18 trillion in benchmarked assets, including over $2.3 trillion in ETF assets linked to MSCI indexes. The MSCI analytics segment provides portfolio management and risk management analytics software to asset managers and asset owners. In its sustainability and climate segment, MSCI provides ESG data to the investment industry. In private assets, MSCI provides real restate reporting, market data, benchmarking, and analytics to investors and real estate managers.

Experian is one of the leading credit bureaus in North America and the United Kingdom, providing the consumer information that is the basis for making lending decisions. The company also provides decision analytics, marketing data, and direct-to-consumer credit products and services. Roughly one quarter of the company's revenue is generated outside of North America and the United Kingdom, primarily in Latin America and Asia.

OKX is a Seychelles-headquartered cryptocurrency exchange ranking second globally by trading volume. It supports 350-plus tokens and 100 fiat currencies, offering spot trading, futures, and an NFT marketplace. OKX releases monthly Proof of Reserves and provides a Web3 wallet for decentralized assets, serving professional traders worldwide.

Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co Ltd is engaged in providing Internet financial information services and online financial software. The company's business includes an online market trading system, mobile financial information service, fund sales, financial big data processing, and cloud services. It serves individuals, brokers, funds, private placements, banks, insurance, government, and research Institutional clients.