We continue our deep dive into sports valuations, and analyze IPO performance of clubs that went public. Markets don't seem to like European football though (or rather its challenging business model), and football (soccer) stocks perform very poorly.
There are quite a few listed European clubs, including top names like Manchester United, Borussia Dortmund or Juventus yet none of them provides satisfying returns to investors (and most lost significant value since the IPO, some as much as 90%).
It's a stark contrast to American clubs that are more durable, 'predictable' franchises. Very few teams go public in the US (different ownership rules), but those that are listed (Atlanta Braves) perform much better than their European counterparts.
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Public markets arenโt big fans of (European) sports
European clubs often seek liquidity through IPO but their performance is relatively flat over the years. Few public comps in the US, but the most prominent ones (Atlanta Braves and MSGS) trade well above European clubs.
Data table
Column 1 |
๐ฌ๐ง Manchester United |
๐บ๐ธ Atlanta Braves |
๐ณ๐ฑ Ajax Amsterdam |
๐ซ๐ท Olympique Lyon |
๐ฉ๐ช Borussia Dortmund |
๐ฎ๐น Juventus |
๐บ๐ธ MSGS (NY Knicks & NY Rangers) |
2021-01 |
3.9 |
|
2 |
1.51 |
1.39 |
2.62 |
9.08 |
2021-02 |
4.8 |
|
2.3 |
1.51 |
1.47 |
2.81 |
9.93 |
2021-03 |
3.9 |
|
2.2 |
1.61 |
1.44 |
2.62 |
8.87 |
2021-04 |
4.3 |
|
2.1 |
1.53 |
1.55 |
2.45 |
8.63 |
2021-05 |
3.9 |
|
2 |
1.48 |
1.58 |
2.63 |
8.3 |
2021-06 |
3.6 |
|
1.9 |
1.53 |
1.63 |
2.48 |
7.14 |
2021-07 |
3.8 |
|
1.9 |
1.48 |
1.6 |
2.45 |
6.55 |
2021-08 |
3.9 |
|
1.9 |
1.87 |
1.63 |
2.42 |
7.07 |
2021-09 |
4.3 |
|
1.9 |
1.81 |
1.39 |
2.16 |
7.53 |
2021-10 |
3.9 |
|
2.2 |
1.82 |
1.63 |
2.8 |
7.61 |
2021-11 |
3.7 |
|
2.1 |
1.75 |
1.36 |
2.31 |
7.04 |
2021-12 |
3.6 |
|
2.1 |
1.68 |
1.41 |
2.6 |
7.05 |
2022-01 |
3.4 |
|
1.8 |
1.64 |
1.35 |
2.96 |
6.77 |
2022-02 |
3.3 |
|
1.7 |
1.58 |
1.14 |
2.56 |
6.91 |
2022-03 |
3.5 |
|
1.6 |
1.54 |
1.16 |
1.8 |
7.02 |
2022-04 |
3.4 |
|
1.7 |
1.59 |
1.06 |
1.7 |
6.44 |
2022-05 |
3.3 |
|
1.6 |
1.53 |
1.17 |
2.26 |
6.42 |
2022-06 |
3.1 |
|
1.6 |
1.7 |
1 |
2.11 |
5.96 |
2022-07 |
3.3 |
|
1.6 |
1.69 |
1.05 |
2.08 |
6.01 |
2022-08 |
3.6 |
|
1.5 |
1.76 |
1.07 |
2.05 |
6.02 |
2022-09 |
3.8 |
|
1.5 |
1.71 |
0.94 |
1.38 |
5.25 |
2022-10 |
4 |
|
1.6 |
1.94 |
1.03 |
1.48 |
5.83 |
2022-11 |
6 |
|
1.6 |
1.92 |
0.98 |
1.61 |
5.99 |
2022-12 |
6.1 |
|
1.5 |
1.93 |
1.01 |
1.81 |
6.59 |
2023-01 |
5.9 |
|
1.5 |
2.18 |
1.1 |
1.96 |
6.44 |
2023-02 |
5.3 |
|
1.5 |
2.23 |
1.14 |
1.93 |
6.94 |
2023-03 |
5.8 |
|
1.5 |
2.28 |
1.09 |
1.9 |
6.72 |
2023-04 |
5.1 |
|
1.4 |
2.26 |
1.19 |
2.19 |
6.85 |
2023-05 |
4.8 |
|
1.3 |
2.25 |
1.08 |
2.26 |
6.03 |
2023-06 |
5.7 |
|
1.3 |
2.97 |
1.13 |
2.5 |
6.32 |
2023-07 |
5 |
|
1.2 |
2.99 |
1.12 |
2.51 |
6.99 |
2023-08 |
5.1 |
|
1.2 |
2.4 |
1.11 |
2.48 |
6.03 |
2023-09 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
1.2 |
2.43 |
0.95 |
2.45 |
5.93 |
2023-10 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
1.2 |
2.59 |
0.94 |
2.42 |
5.71 |
2023-11 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
1.3 |
2.45 |
0.91 |
2.45 |
5.78 |
2023-12 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
1.3 |
2.51 |
0.93 |
2.42 |
6.07 |
2024-01 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
1.3 |
2.57 |
0.98 |
2.39 |
6.14 |
2024-02 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
1.3 |
2.92 |
0.87 |
2.42 |
6.18 |
2024-03 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
1.2 |
2.91 |
0.9 |
2.39 |
5.99 |
2024-04 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
1.3 |
2.96 |
0.98 |
2.42 |
6.01 |
2024-05 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
1.5 |
3.08 |
1.08 |
2.39 |
5.98 |
2024-06 |
4 |
4.8 |
1.5 |
3.21 |
0.86 |
2.46 |
5.95 |
2024-07 |
4 |
4.7 |
1.5 |
3.28 |
0.89 |
2.55 |
6.26 |
2024-08 |
4 |
4.3 |
1.4 |
3.52 |
0.92 |
2.91 |
6.33 |
2024-09 |
3.5 |
4.3 |
1.4 |
3.46 |
0.93 |
2.88 |
6.19 |
2024-10 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
1.3 |
3.33 |
0.86 |
2.19 |
6.49 |
2024-11 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
2.95 |
0.87 |
2.76 |
6.61 |
2024-12 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
3.04 |
0.83 |
2.61 |
6.47 |
2025-01 |
3.1 |
4.6 |
1.2 |
2.98 |
0.84 |
2.21 |
6.28 |
2025-02 |
3.85 |
4.58 |
1.15 |
2.96 |
0.84 |
2.62 |
5.81 |
All European sports IPOs performed very poorly
All European sports IPO perfomed very poorly and it's tough to make money with European football. Extremely disappointing performance from virtually all European soccer IPOs once again highlights a huge difference vs. the US in how sports markets are managed.
Data table
Club |
Multiple return from IPO |
๐บ๐ธ Atlanta Braves |
2.8 |
๐บ๐ธ MSGS (NY Knicks & NY Rangers) |
1.7 |
๐ฌ๐ง Manchester United |
1 |
๐ณ๐ฑ Ajax Amsterdam |
0.8 |
๐ฎ๐น Juventus |
0.5 |
๐ฉ๐ช Borussia Dortmund |
0.4 |
๐ซ๐ท Olympique Lyon |
0.1 |
Manchester United is the only (!) profitable European sports team that is publicly traded
Manchester United is the only consistently profitable publicly-listed European sports team.
Data table
Column 1 |
EV/LTM EBITDA |
LTM EBITDA Margin |
2021-01 |
17.42 |
25% |
2021-02 |
21.87 |
25% |
2021-03 |
18.61 |
24% |
2021-04 |
21.43 |
24% |
2021-05 |
19.2 |
24% |
2021-06 |
18.28 |
24% |
2021-07 |
21.79 |
22% |
2021-08 |
20.92 |
23% |
2021-09 |
21.65 |
24% |
2021-10 |
23.26 |
20% |
2021-11 |
21.73 |
20% |
2021-12 |
22.13 |
18% |
2022-01 |
21.23 |
18% |
2022-02 |
20.84 |
18% |
2022-03 |
21.88 |
18% |
2022-04 |
22.04 |
17% |
2022-05 |
21.95 |
17% |
2022-06 |
21.49 |
15% |
2022-07 |
22.68 |
15% |
2022-08 |
23.84 |
16% |
2022-09 |
23.7 |
17% |
2022-10 |
27.45 |
15% |
2022-11 |
40.88 |
16% |
2022-12 |
42.12 |
16% |
2023-01 |
35.45 |
18% |
2023-02 |
30.93 |
19% |
2023-03 |
32.54 |
20% |
2023-04 |
27.79 |
21% |
2023-05 |
25.56 |
21% |
2023-06 |
29.21 |
22% |
2023-07 |
23.75 |
23% |
2023-08 |
23.75 |
23% |
2023-09 |
20.8 |
24% |
2023-10 |
18.5 |
24% |
2023-11 |
19.41 |
25% |
2023-12 |
19.48 |
25% |
2024-01 |
20.28 |
24% |
2024-02 |
18.66 |
22% |
2024-03 |
19.1 |
21% |
2024-04 |
21.81 |
21% |
2024-05 |
22.99 |
20% |
2024-06 |
22.14 |
20% |
2024-07 |
20 |
20% |
2024-08 |
19.81 |
22% |
2024-09 |
17.2 |
22% |
2024-10 |
17.06 |
23% |
2024-11 |
18.54 |
23% |
2024-12 |
15.23 |
23% |
2025-01 |
13.88 |
23% |
2025-02 |
17.02 |
23% |
Very few publicly traded billion-dollar teams
Huge long tail of smaller (usually European) football clubs that went public yet didn't grow into their valuations
Data table
Club |
Enterprise Value ($ millions) |
๐บ๐ธ MSGS (NY Knicks + NY Rangers) |
5761 |
๐ฌ๐ง Manchester United |
3184 |
๐บ๐ธ Atlanta Braves |
3132 |
๐ฎ๐น Juventus |
1635 |
๐ซ๐ท Olympique Lyon |
881 |
๐ฉ๐ช Borussia Dortmund |
435 |
๐ฉ๐ฐ FC Copenhagen |
373 |
๐ต๐น Sporting CP |
373 |
๐น๐ท Fenerbahรงe |
368 |
๐น๐ท Galatasaray |
333 |
๐ต๐น FC Porto |
325 |
๐ต๐น Benfica |
302 |
๐ณ๐ฑ Ajax |
257 |
๐น๐ท Beลiktaล |
234 |
๐น๐ท Trabzonspor |
194 |
๐ฌ๐ง Celtic |
145 |
๐จ๐ฑ Cruzados |
58 |
๐ฉ๐ฐ Aarhus |
47 |
๐ฎ๐น Lazio |
44 |
๐จ๐ฑ U de Chile |
40 |
๐ฎ๐ฉ Bali United |
29 |
๐ต๐น S.C. Braga |
28 |
๐ฎ๐น Brera Holdings |
9 |
๐ฉ๐ฐ Aalborg |
9 |
๐ต๐ฑ GKS Katowice |
2 |